Caracterización química del aceite de girasol oxidado mediante UV y ozono con diferentes grados de oxidación y estudio de su acción antimicrobiana

Oxidation by the action of ozone takes place at high rates and involves the reaction of ozone molecules with fatty acid double bonds followed by the formation of stable oxidation products with biological activity. In the present work, a comparative study on sunflower oil oxidized by ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone was carried out. This study involved the chemical characterization of sunflower oil oxidized by UV irradiation and ozonation, in addition to assessing the germicidal activity of oxidized oils obtained under various conditions. The results indicated that under the conditions studied, the increase in the dose of UV irradiation did not produce significant changes in the level of oxidation of the oil. Ozonation promoted the formation of oxygenated compounds at higher rates, increasing in concentration as the applied dosage of ozone increased. The germicidal activity of the oils behaved similarly, with considerably higher activity found in the ozonized oils.La oxidación por acción del ozono tiene lugar a tasas muy altas e implica la reacción de las moléculas de ozono con los dobles enlaces de los ácidos grasos, seguida de la formación de productos de oxidación estables con actividad biológica. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio comparativo del aceite de girasol oxidado por luz UV y por ozono. Este estudio consistió en la caracterización química del aceite de girasol oxidado por irradiación UV y por ozonización. En segundo lugar, se evaluó la influencia en la actividad germicida potencial del producto final obtenido en varias condiciones de ozonización. Los resultados indicaron que, en las condiciones estudiadas, el aumento de la dosis de irradiación UV no produjo cambios significativos en el nivel de oxidación del aceite. La ozonización promovió la formación de compuestos oxigenados en mayor proporción, aumentando su concentración a medida que aumentaba la dosis de ozono aplicada. La actividad germicida de los aceites se comportó de forma similar, encontrándose una actividad considerablemente mayor en los aceites ozonizados

Genome-Wide Mapping of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) and Its Involvement in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Sunflower Developing Seeds

15 Páginas.-- 5 Figuras.-- 3 TablasHistone modifications are of paramount importance during plant development. Investigating chromatin remodeling in developing oilseeds sheds light on the molecular mechanisms controlling fatty acid metabolism and facilitates the identification of new functional regions in oil crop genomes. The present study characterizes the epigenetic modifications H3K4me3 in relationship with the expression of fatty acid-related genes and transcription factors in developing sunflower seeds. Two master transcriptional regulators identified in this analysis, VIV1 (homologous to Arabidopsis ABI3) and FUS3, cooperate in the regulation of WRINKLED 1, a transcriptional factor regulating glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds.This research was funded by the Spanish AEI/FEDER (UE), Project AGL2017-83449-R.Peer reviewe

Lipid profiling and oil properties of Camelina sativa seeds engineered to enhance the production of saturated and omega-7 fatty acids

14 Páginas.-- 7 Figuras.-- 3 TablasCamelina sativa is one of the preferred oil crops in plant biotechnology due to its agronomic performance, the quality of its oil and the ease with which it can be transformed. Oils with high levels of saturated fatty acids are in demand for structured lipid elaboration, whereas ω-7 fatty acids like palmitoleic or asclepic acids are of interest for other applications, such as in oleochemistry and biolubricant production. Several strategies have been followed to increase the levels of saturated and ω-7 fatty acids in the camelina plant in this work, including silencing the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (CsKASII) condensing enzyme responsible for the elongation of palmitate to stearate, the expression of exogenous thioesterases, and the overexpression of the endogenous stearoyl-ACP desaturase. The silencing of CsKASII produces an important increase in palmitate in the oil seed, whereas the expression of different alleles of sunflower FatA thioesterases favors the accumulation of both palmitate and stearate. The increase in intraplastidial desaturase activity through CsSAD co-expression forced the desaturation of palmitate, inducing the accumulation of important amounts of ω-7 fatty acids. The phenotypes of the different transformants produced were characterized by profiling the different glycerolipid classes accumulated in their seeds. These oils displayed altered physical properties that were investigated by differential calorimetry studies.We are grateful to Professor Edgar B. Cahoon of the University of Nebraska for providing us with the hpKASII hairpin construct used in this work, as well as some transformation vectors and cloning systems used in this project. We also appreciate the help and knowledge that he gave us to carry out this work. This work was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and ERDF through the grant AGL2017-83449-R.Peer reviewe

Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of three phosphoglycerate kinase isoforms from developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds

Three cDNAs encoding different phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, EC 2.7.2.3) isoforms, two cytosolic (HacPGK1 and HacPGK2) and one plastidic (HapPGK), were cloned and characterized from developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. The expression profiles of these genes showed differences in heterotrophic tissues, such as developing seeds and roots, where HacPGK1 was predominant, while HapPGK was highly expressed in photosynthetic tissues. The cDNAs were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding proteins purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and biochemically characterized. Despite the high level of identity between sequences, the HacPGK1 isoform showed strong differences in terms of specific activity, temperature stability and pH sensitivity in comparison to HacPGK2 and HapPGK. A polyclonal immune serum was raised against the purified HacPGK1 isoform, which showed cross-immunoreactivity with the other PGK isoforms. This serum allowed the localization of high expression levels of PGK isozymes in embryo tissues. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

Characterization of Helianthus annuus Lipoic Acid Biosynthesis: The Mitochondrial Octanoyltransferase and Lipoyl Synthase Enzyme System

18 Páginas.-- 12 Figuras.-- 2 TablasLipoic acid (LA, 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid) is a sulfur containing coenzyme essential for the activity of several key enzymes involved in oxidative and single carbon metabolism in most bacteria and eukaryotes. LA is synthetized by the concerted activity of the octanoyltransferase (LIP2, EC 2.3.1.181) and lipoyl synthase (LIP1, EC 2.8.1.8) enzymes. In plants, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase or glycine decarboxylase are essential complexes that need to be lipoylated. These lipoylated enzymes and complexes are located in the mitochondria, while PDH is also present in plastids where it provides acetyl-CoA for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. As such, lipoylation of PDH could regulate fatty acid synthesis in both these organelles. In the present work, the sunflower LIP1 and LIP2 genes (HaLIP1m and HaLIP2m) were isolated sequenced, cloned, and characterized, evaluating their putative mitochondrial location. The expression of these genes was studied in different tissues and protein docking was modeled. The genes were also expressed in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana, where their impact on fatty acid and glycerolipid composition was assessed. Lipidomic studies in Arabidopsis revealed lipid remodeling in lines overexpressing these enzymes and the involvement of both sunflower proteins in the phenotypes observed is discussed in the light of the results obtained.This work was financed by the PID2020-113134RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 project granted by the Spanish State Research Agency within the State Programs for Research and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of Society.Peer reviewe

Regulation of longevity by sulfation activity

Resumen del trabajo presentado al VI Spanish Worm Meeting, celebrado en Valencia del 9 al 10 de marzo de 2017.We have found that reduction of sulfation activity generates an increase of longevity by a mechanism that mimic gonad less animals. We will show data that in addition to affects aging also affects aging associate diseases.Peer reviewe

Steroid hormones sulfatase inactivation extends lifespan and ameliorates age-related diseases

12 Páginas.-- 5 FigurasAging and fertility are two interconnected processes. From invertebrates to mammals, absence of the germline increases longevity. Here we show that loss of function of sul-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans steroid sulfatase (STS), raises the pool of sulfated steroid hormones, increases longevity and ameliorates protein aggregation diseases. This increased longevity requires factors involved in germline-mediated longevity (daf-16, daf-12, kri-1, tcer-1 and daf-36 genes) although sul-2 mutations do not affect fertility. Interestingly, sul-2 is only expressed in sensory neurons, suggesting a regulation of sulfated hormones state by environmental cues. Treatment with the specific STS inhibitor STX64, as well as with testosterone-derived sulfated hormones reproduces the longevity phenotype of sul-2 mutants. Remarkably, those treatments ameliorate protein aggregation diseases in C. elegans, and STX64 also Alzheimer’s disease in a mammalian model. These results open the possibility of reallocating steroid sulfatase inhibitors or derivates for the treatment of aging and aging related diseases.We thank the CGC. A. Miranda-Vizuete and J. Alcedo for providing strains; Y. Kohara and P. Askjaer for DNA clones; A. Garzón, P. Askjaer and M. Vanghell for critical review of the manuscript; A. P. Pulido for bioinformatic advices; V. Carranco for his excellent technical assistance during whole project, and also A. López, A. Cano, V. Rubio, S. Romero and E. Gara for their technical support; and K. Garcia for microscopy assistance. This work was supported by the Junta de Andalucía Project P07-CVI-02697, “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (FEDER) and the “Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía” Project UPO-1266266 and the European Research Council ERC-2011-StG-281691. We also acknowledge the support from the Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD).Peer reviewe