A study of inflation effects on an EOQ model for Weibull deteriorating/ameliorating items with ramp type of demand and shortages

This paper deals with the effects of inflation and time discounting on an inventory model with general ramp type demand rate, time dependent (Weibull) deterioration rate and partial backlogging of unsatisfied demand. The model is studied under the replenishment policy, starting with shortages under two different types of backlogging rates, and their comparative study is also provided. We then use the computer software, MATLto find the optimal replenishment policies. Duration of positive inventory level is taken as the decision variable to minimize the total cost of the proposed system. Numerical examples are then taken to illustrate the solution procedure. Finally, sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes of the values of different system parameters is also studied

The role of non-govermental organizations in the development of Thiruvaiyaru village

The research named ―The role of Non- Governmental organizations in the development of Thiruvaiyaru village‖ is mainly centered on Thiruvaiyaru village in kilinochchi District. This is selected as the research area as this region is differentiated from other regions due to the displacement after the war in 2009which lasted for 30 years and resettlement that followed and also because this region is in need of much development. The primary aim of this research is to find out the way in which Non- Governmental Organizations contribute to improve the development of the research area, socially and economically. The special aim of the research are to find out the destructions that happened in this region during the last 20 years, Identity the problem faced by this region regarding development, Identity the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations in the development of this region and tell how these activities should be in future. And also to tell what activity should be carried out in order to improve the development of this region and to tell the feasibilities for same. The direct relationship between the economic development of the research area and the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations is the hypothesis of the research. The social development of the research area has improved due to the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations. In the rural development of the research area the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations have caused a favorable impact. The conclusions of the research area, Non- Governmental Organizations provided 65% of the contribution to the economic development of the village, they provide 48% of the contribution to the social development of the village. In rural development both economic and social development are included the activities of Non- Governmental Organizations provide 61% of the contribution towards rural development

A special analysis with special reference the main market of Kilinochchi District

This research named ―Marketing of fish and the influence of intermediaries‖ has been carried out with special reference to the main market of Kilinochchi District. When marketing of fish is done much interference of intermediaries is found. The main aim of this research is to find out the influence of intermediaries in marketing of fish. The ancillary aims are to identify the roles of the consumers and producer in marketing of fish. The hypothesis are to identify the relation between intermediaries and producers, intermediaries and consumers producers and consumers in marketing of fish. Accordingly, the correlation between the intermediaries and producers is found to be 0.75 and this becomes the conclusion of the research. Here, a very close relationship between these two variables could be observed. That is, when the producers increase the price of fish, it could be observed that the intermediaries too increase their commission. A positive correlation existing between producer‘s price and intermediaries‘ price could be observed. In marketing of fish the correlation between intermediaries and consumers is found to be 0.54. Here, a very close relationship between these two variables could be observed. That is, when consumers increase the price of fish, it could be observed that the intermediaries too increase the commission. A positive correlation could be observed between intermediaries‘ commission and producers‘ price. That is, when the demand for fish in the market gradually increases it could be observed that the commission for intermediaries too increases gradually. In marketing, it is the intermediaries who gain match influence between producers and consumers. Even it the production price of the producer is found to be low or high, consumers‘ tendency to reduce the price is not found. The intermediaries who get the fish at a reduced price, when giving to consumers, sell at a higher price. Hence, the relationship between the producer and the consumer is found to be very low

Comprehensive review of various corrosion behaviours on 316 stainless steel

Corrosion is a destructive process that converts the pure metal into a chemically stabled form by hydroxide or sulphide and it is a slow process of destruction on the material by the chemical or electrochemical reaction in the environmental space. This kind of destruction has been typically produced from oxides or salt content on the material and it results in distinctive orange coloration. The classifications of corrosion act on atmospheric air and liquids as well as on contact of two solids. To resist the corrosion rate, stainless steel 316 has been chosen because of the presence of 2-3% molybdenum content and the presence of molybdenum plays a vital role in corrosion resistance. In this study, literature related to various works has been reviewed to explain the corrosion behaviour on cavitation, crevice, electrochemical, erosion, fatigue, galvanic, uniform, pitting, and stress corrosion which act on 316 stainless steel. In the present work, several coating processes and the additives, that have been added to SS 316 to enhance the outcomes according to various corrosion causes, are discussed

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FLOW THROUGH A CONFINED RECTANGULAR CHANNEL MOUNTED WITH SQUARE BLOCKS

Study on separated flow and step flow is subject of interest for many years for its wide industrial applications like cooling of electronic devices, heat exchangers, gas turbine components and other thermal equipments. Present experimental investigation is to report the influence of the block over rectangular channel in confined environment. Size of recirculation vortex, center of recirculation vortex for various Reynolds number with center to center distance between the blocks in the stream wise direction of the flow (Lx/Ly ratio) equal to 2, are the parameters reported when water is used as the working fluid. Outcome of this experimental study shows that, the size of the vortex increases with the increase of Reynolds number and the center of the vortex shifts in the direction of flow downstream of the blocks. Reynolds number considered for this study ranges from 800 to 1500 with a step of 100. Flow visualisation for the range of Reynolds number is presented

Divacancy superstructures in thermoelectric calcium-doped sodium cobaltate

We have grown single crystals of Na$_x$Ca$_y$CoO$_2$ and determined their superstructures as a function of composition using neutron and x-ray diffraction. Inclusion of Ca$^{2+}$ stabilises a single superstructure across a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. The superstructure in the Na$^+$ layers is based on arrays of divacancy clusters with Ca$^{2+}$ ions occupying the central site, and it has an ideal concentration Na$_{4/7}$Ca$_{1/7}$CoO$_2$. Previous measurements of the thermoelectric properties on this system are discussed in light of this superstructure. Na$_{4/7}$Ca$_{1/7}$CoO$_2$ corresponds to the maximum in thermoelectric performance of this system.Comment: Produced using Revtex 4.1 and pdflatex. 7 Pages, 6 figure

Electrical Discharge Machining of Al (6351)-5% SiC-10% B 4

The goal of the present experimental work is to optimize the electrical discharge machining (EDM) parameters of aluminum alloy (Al 6351) matrix reinforced with 5 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) and 10 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) particles fabricated through the stir casting route. Multiresponse optimization was carried out through grey relational analysis (GRA) with an objective to minimize the machining characteristics, namely electrode wear ratio (EWR), surface roughness (SR) and power consumption (PC). The optimal combination of input parameters is identified, which shows the significant enhancement in process characteristics. Contributions of each machining parameter to the responses are calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result shows that the pulse current contributes more (83.94%) to affecting the combined output responses

Childhood indicators of susceptibility to subsequent cervical cancer

Common warts could indicate cervical cancer susceptibility, as both are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Eczema was also investigated, as atopic eczema has been negatively associated with warts, but non-atopic eczema may be associated with compromised host defences, as observed in patients with HIV, suggesting increased susceptibility to HPV infection and cervical cancer. ‘Cervical cancer’ was self-reported during an interview by 87 of 7594 women members of two longitudinal British birth cohorts. The accuracy of the diagnoses is limited by lack of confirmation using medical records. Odds ratios are adjusted for common warts and eczema in childhood; and cigarette smoking, number of cohabiting partners and social class in early adult life. The odds ratios of warts and eczema with cervical cancer are 2.50 (95% confidence interval 1.14–5.47) and 3.27 (1.95–5.49), respectively. The association of eczema with cervical cancer is independent of hay fever as a marker of atopy, suggesting the importance of non-atopic eczema. Both heavier smoking compared with non-smoking and four or more cohabiting partners compared with one/none have odds ratios for cervical cancer of 8.26 (4.25–15.10) and 4.89 (1.39–17.18), respectively. Common warts in childhood may indicate cervical cancer susceptibility; this and the relationship with eczema deserves investigation