Beneficios con lavado, honey y natural de granos de Coffea arábica L. variedad catimor en la calidad física y organoléptica, Satipo - Perú

The objective was to compare the yield and quality of the Coffea arabica catimor variety processed with three beneficiation methods: honey, washed and natural. After harvesting, the grains were selected and floated to remove impurities. In the washing mill, the grains were pulped, fermented, washed and dried for three and a half days; In the honey mill, the procedure was similar to the previous one with the difference that the grains were not subjected to fermentation or washing; the drying was for eight days. In the natural method, after the float test, the grains were dried in the environment for 15 days. The results indicate that in the physical yield of the coffee beans with the washing method 80.83% was achieved, with the honey method 75.19% and 47.33% of exportable coffee through the natural method. In the analysis of the organoleptic quality in the natural method it was achieved: fragrance or aroma (7.83); flavor (7.83); aftertaste (7.61) acidity (7.81); body (7.83); balance (7.78) and appreciation (7.75) points significantly higher than the other treatments. Regarding the variables uniformity, clean cup and sweetness, the data were similar in the three methods.El objetivo fue comparar el rendimiento y la calidad de los granos de Coffea arabica variedad catimor procesados con tres métodos de beneficio: honey, lavado y natural. Después de la cosecha los granos fueron seleccionados y puestos a prueba de flote para separar las impurezas. En el beneficio de lavado, los granos fueron despulpados, fermentados, lavados y secados durante tres días y medio; en el beneficio honey, el procedimiento fue similar al anterior con la diferencia de que los granos no se sometieron a la fermentación ni al lavado; el secado fue por ocho días. En el método natural después de la prueba de flote los granos fueron secados en medio ambiente durante 15 días. Los resultados indican que en el rendimiento físico de los granos de café con el método de lavado se logró 80,83%, con el método honey 75,19% y mediante el método natural 47,33% de café exportable. En el análisis de la calidad organoléptica en el método natural se logró: fragancia o aroma (7,83); sabor (7,83); post gusto (7,61) acidez (7,81); cuerpo (7,83); balance (7,78) y apreciación (7,75) puntos significativamente mayores que los otros tratamientos. En cuanto a las variables uniformidad, taza limpia y dulzura los datos fueron similares en los tres métodos

Role of host genetics in fibrosis

Fibrosis can occur in tissues in response to a variety of stimuli. Following tissue injury, cells undergo transformation or activation from a quiescent to an activated state resulting in tissue remodelling. The fibrogenic process creates a tissue environment that allows inflammatory and matrix-producing cells to invade and proliferate. While this process is important for normal wound healing, chronicity can lead to impaired tissue structure and function

Analysis of complete genomic sequences of isolates of the sweet potato feathery mottle virus strains C and EA: molecular evidence for two distinct potyvirus species and two P1 protein domains.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the isolate C1 of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) strain C and the 5' region of several other strains were determined and analyzed together with the sequences of isolates representing the EA, RC and O strains. This provided molecular evidence for the reclassification of SPFMV strains into two species and the occurrence of a complex recombinant isolate. Analysis also revealed a hypervariable domain in the P1 protein, which separates an N-terminal region unique to SPFMV and members of the ipomovirus species Sweet potato mild mottle virus from the C-terminal protease domain, which is conserved among all potyviruses

Evaluación de cuatro ciclos de selección Mazorca Hilera modificado en la raza de maiz San Jerónimo.

El aprovechamiento y conocimiento de la diversidad de los cultivos facilita la conservación , caracterización y utilización sostenible. Antes de iniciar el mejoramiento y formación de ciclos de selección de maíz amiláceo de la sierra central del país de colectó toda la diversidad del cultivo, se clasificó, recombinó y formaron los ciclos de selección con el objetivo de lograr compuestos raciales

Complete viral genome sequence and discovery of novel viruses by deep sequencing of small RNAs: A generic method for diagnosis, discovery and sequencing of viruses.

We report the first identification of novel viruses, and sequence of an entire viral genome, by a single step of high-throughput parallel sequencing of small RNAs from diseased, as well as symptomless plants. Contigs were assembled from sequenced total siRNA from plants using small sequence assembly software and could positively identify RNA, ssDNA and dsDNA reverse transcribing viruses and in one case spanned the entire genome. The results present a novel approach which cannot only identify known viral pathogens, occurring at extremely low titers, but also novel viruses, without the necessity of any prior knowledge

RNA silencing-mediated resistance to a crinivirus (Closteroviridae) in cultivated sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and development of sweetpotato virus disease following co-infection with a potyvirus.

Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is one of the most important pathogens of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.). It can reduce yields by 50% by itself and cause various synergistic disease complexes when co-infecting with other viruses, including sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae). Because no sources of true resistance to SPCSV are available in sweetpotato germplasm, a pathogen-derived transgenic resistance strategy was tested as an alternative solution in this study. A Peruvian sweetpotato landrace 'Huachano' was transformed with an intronspliced hairpin construct targeting the replicase encoding sequences of SPCSV and SPFMV using an improved genetic transformation procedure with reproducible efficiency. Twentyeight independent transgenic events were obtained in three transformation experiments using a highly virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain and regeneration through embryogenesis. Molecular analysis indicated that all regenerants were transgenic, with 1–7 transgene loci. Accumulation of transgene-specific siRNA was detected in most of them. None of the transgenic events was immune to SPCSV, but ten of the 20 tested transgenic events exhibited mild or no symptoms following infection, and accumulation of SPCSV was significantly reduced. There are few previous reports of RNA silencing-mediated transgenic resistance to viruses of Closteroviridae in cultivated plants. However, the high levels of resistance to accumulation of SPCSV could not prevent development of synergistic sweet potato virus disease in those transgenic plants also infected with SPFMV