The significance of ternary hybrid cross bio-nanofluid model in expanding/contracting cylinder with inclined magnetic field

Significance: Bio-nanofluids have achieved rapid attention due to their potential and vital role in various fields like biotechnology and energy, as well as in medicine such as in drug delivery, imaging, providing scaffolds for tissue engineering, and providing suitable environments for cell growth, as well as being used as coolants in various energy systems, wastewater treatment, and delivery of nutrients to plants.Objective: The present study proposes a novel mathematical model for the ternary hybrid cross bio-nanofluid model to analyse the behaviour of blood that passes through a stenosed artery under the influence of an inclined magnetic field. The model considers the effect of expanding/contracting cylinder, infinite shear rate viscosity, and bio-nanofluids.Methodology: The considered model of the problem is bounded in the form of governing equations such as PDEs. These PDEs are transformed into ODEs with the help of similarity transformations and then solved numerically with the help of the bvp4c method.Findings: The results show that the flow rate and velocity decrease as the inclination angle of the magnetic field increases. Additionally, research has found that the presence of nanoparticles in the bio-nanofluid has a significant impact on the velocity and flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate decreases, in general, as the stenosis becomes more severe.Advantages of the study: The results obtained from this study may provide insights into the behaviour of blood flow in stenosed arteries and may be useful in the design of medical devices and therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Control of Hybrid Diesel/PV/Battery/Ultra-Capacitor Systems for Future Shipboard Microgrids

In recent times, concerns over fossil fuel consumption and severe environmental pollution have grabbed attention in marine vessels. The fast development in solar technology and the significant reduction in cost over the past decade have allowed the integration of solar technology in marine vessels. However, the highly intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) modules might cause instability in shipboard microgrids. Moreover, the penetration is much more in the case of utilizing PV panels on ships due to the continuous movement. This paper, therefore, presents a frequency sharing approach to smooth the effect of the highly intermittent nature of PV panels integrated with the shipboard microgrids. A hybrid system based on an ultra-capacitor and a lithium-ion battery is developed such that high power and short term fluctuations are catered by an ultra-capacitor, whereas long duration and high energy density fluctuations are catered by the lithium-ion battery. Further, in order to cater for the fluctuations caused by weather or variation in sea states, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is utilized in parallel to the dc-link capacitor using a buck-boost converter. Hence, to verify the dynamic behavior of the proposed approach, the model is designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed model helps to smooth the fluctuations and to stabilize the DC bus voltage

Thermal conductivity performance in sodium alginate-based Casson nanofluid flow by a curved Riga surface

This study examines the effects of a porous media and thermal radiation on Casson-based nano liquid movement over a curved extending surface. The governing equations are simplified into a system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) using the appropriate similarity variables. The numerical outcomes are obtained using the shooting method and Runge-Kutta Fehlbergs fourth-fifth order (RKF-45). An analysis is conducted to discuss the impact of significant nondimensional constraints on the thermal and velocity profiles. The findings show that the rise in curvature constraint will improve the velocity but diminish the temperature. The increased values of the modified Hartmann number raise the velocity, but a reverse trend is seen for increased porosity parameter values. Thermal radiation raises the temperature, while modified Hartmann numbers and the Casson factor lower the velocity but raise the thermal profile. Moreover, the existence of porous and solid fractions minimizes the surface drag force, and radiation and solid fraction components enhance the rate of thermal dispersion. The findings of this research may have potential applications in the design of heat exchangers used in cooling electronic devices like CPUs and GPUs, as well as microscale engines such as microturbines and micro-heat engines

Study of total seed storage protein in indigenous Brassica species based on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)

Genetic diversity was studied in 234 accessions of locally collected Brassica species for total seed protein content through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). These accessions were collected from different locations of Pakistan. After the study of these accessions on SDS-PAGE, 28 reproducible bands were used for cluster analysis and with the help of these bands, genetic diversity were estimated. Out of 28, four major bands were observed. Dendogram was constructed and the accessions were divided into two main groups comprising 11 clusters. The results obtained from these clusters showed minimum genetic diversity in these accessions on SDS-PAGE level. Due to low genetic diversity on SDS-PAGE level, it is suggested that two dimensional (2D)- electrophoresis can be used for protein study.Key words: Genetic variation, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), protein electrophoresis, cluster analysis, brassica

Thermal investigation into the Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid with the slip and Newtonian heating effect: Atangana–Baleanu fractional simulation

The significance of thermal conductivity, convection, and heat transportation of hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) based on different nanoparticles has enhanced an integral part in numerous industrial and natural processes. In this article, a fractionalized Oldroyd-B HNF along with other significant effects, such as Newtonian heating, constant concentration, and the wall slip condition on temperature close to an infinitely vertical flat plate, is examined. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and ferro-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) are the supposed nanoparticles, and water (H2O) and sodium alginate (C6H9NaO7) serve as the base fluids. For generalized memory effects, an innovative fractional model is developed based on the recently proposed Atangana–Baleanu time-fractional (AB) derivative through generalized Fourier and Fick’s law. This Laplace transform technique is used to solve the fractional governing equations of dimensionless temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles. The physical effects of diverse flow parameters are discussed and exhibited graphically by Mathcad software. We have considered 0.15≤α≤0.85,2≤Pr⁡≤9,5≤Gr≤20,0.2≤ϕ1,ϕ2≤0.8,3.5≤Gm≤8, 0.1≤ Sc ≤0.8, and 0.3≤λ1,λ2≤1.7. Moreover, for validation of our present results, some limiting models, such as classical Maxwell and Newtonian fluid models, are recovered from the fractional Oldroyd-B fluid model. Furthermore, comparing the results between Oldroyd-B, Maxwell, and viscous fluid models for both classical and fractional cases, Stehfest and Tzou numerical methods are also employed to secure the validity of our solutions. Moreover, it is visualized that for a short time, temperature and momentum profiles are decayed for larger values of α, and this effect is reversed for a long time. Furthermore, the energy and velocity profiles are higher for water-based HNFs than those for the sodium alginate-based HNF

A review of coronaviruses associated with Kawasaki Disease: Possible implications for pathogenesis of the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome associated with COVID-19

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), representing a new entity in the spectrum of manifestations of COVID-19, bears symptomatic resemblance with Kawasaki Disease (KD). This review explores the possible associations between KD and the human coronaviruses and discusses the pathophysiological similarities between KD and MIS-C and proposes implications for the pathogenesis of MIS-C in COVID-19. Since 2005, when a case-control study demonstrated the association of a strain of human coronavirus with KD, several studies have provided evidence regarding the association of different strains of the human coronaviruses with KD. Thus, the emergence of the KD-like disease MIS-C in COVID-19 may not be an unprecedented phenomenon. KD and MIS-C share a range of similarities in pathophysiology and possibly even genetics. Both share features of a cytokine storm, leading to a systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress that may cause vasculitis and precipitate multi-organ failure. Moreover, antibody-dependent enhancement, a phenomenon demonstrated in previous coronaviruses, and the possible superantigenic behavior of SARS-CoV-2, possibly may also contribute toward the pathogenesis of MIS-C. Lastly, there is some evidence of complement-mediated microvascular injury in COVID-19, as well as of endotheliitis. Genetics may also represent a possible link between MIS-C and KD, with variations in FcγRII and IL-6 genes potentially increasing susceptibility to both conditions. Early detection and treatment are essential for the management of MIS-C in COVID-19. By highlighting the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to MIS-C, our review holds important implications for diagnostics, management, and further research of this rare manifestation of COVID-19

Analytical approach for a heat transfer process through nanofluid over an irregular porous radially moving sheet by employing KKL correlation with magnetic and radiation effects: applications to thermal system

The aluminum nanoparticle is adequate for power grid wiring, such as the distribution of local power and the transmission of aerial power lines, because of its higher conductivity. This nanoparticle is also one of the most commonly used materials in applications in the electrical field. Thus, in this study, a radiative axisymmetric flow of Casson fluid, induced by water-based Al2O3 nanofluid by using the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) correlation, is investigated. The impact of the magnetic field is also taken into account. KKL correlation is utilized to compute the thermal conductivity and effective viscosity. Analytical double solutions are presented for the considered axisymmetric flow model after implementing the similarity technique to transmute the leading equations into ordinary differential equations. The obtained analytic forms were used to examine and discuss the velocity profile, the temperature distribution, reduced heat transfer, and coefficient of reduced skin friction. The analytic solutions indicate that the velocity profile decreases in the branch of the first solution and uplifts in the branch of the second solution due to the presence of an aluminum particle, whereas the dimensionless temperature enhances in both solutions. In addition, the Casson parameter increases the friction factor, as well as the heat transport rate

Analysis of jet wall flow and heat transfer conveying ZnO-SAE50 nano lubricants saturated in Darcy-Brinkman porous medium

The problem of 2D (two-dimensional) wall jet flow, along with heat transfer incorporated by nanofluid in a Darcy-Brinkman medium, while recognizing the requirement for efficient heating and cooling systems. Following the use of similarity variables, the resultant system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) is solved using the well-known and efficient bvp4c (boundary-value problem of the 4th order) technique. The significance of physical quantities for the under-consideration parameters is illustrated and explained. The findings show that the nanoparticle volume fraction and porosity parameters decrease the velocity, but increase the temperature. In addition, the temperature uplifts in the presence of radiation effect. The suction parameter initially decreases and then increases the velocity near the surface, while the temperature declines