Coronal Fe XIV Emission During the Whole Heliosphere Interval Campaign

Solar Cycle 24 is having a historically long and weak start. Observations of the Fe XIV corona from the Sacramento Peak site of the National Solar Observatory show an abnormal pattern of emission compared to observations of Cycles 21, 22, and 23 from the same instrument. The previous three cycles have shown a strong, rapid "Rush to the Poles" (previously observed in polar crown prominences and earlier coronal observations) in the parameter N(t,l,dt) (average number of Fe XIV emission features per day over dt days at time t and latitude l). Cycle 24 displays a weak, intermittent, and slow "Rush" that is apparent only in the northern hemisphere. If the northern Rush persists at its current rate, evidence from the Rushes in previous cycles indicates that solar maximum will occur in early 2013 or late 2012, at least in the northern hemisphere. At lower latitudes, solar maximum previously occurred when the time maximum of N(t,l,365) reached approximately 20{\deg} latitude. Currently, this parameter is at or below 30{\deg}and decreasing in latitude. Unfortunately, it is difficult at this time to calculate the rate of decrease in N(t,l,365). However, the southern hemisphere could reach 20{\deg} in 2011. Nonetheless, considering the levels of activity so far, there is a possibility that the maximum could be indiscernibleComment: 8 pages, 4 figures; Solar Physics Online First, 2011 http://www.springerlink.com/content/b5kl4040k0626647

Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats

BACKGROUND: Ground corncob animal bedding and corn food products contain substances that disrupt endocrine function in rats. The disruptors were identified as isomeric mixtures of tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols; 9,12-oxy-10,13-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 10,13-oxy-9,12-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid) and leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols; 9,10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid and 12,13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid). The authentic compounds blocked sexual behavior in male rats and estrous cyclicity in female rats at oral doses of 2 ppm. OBJECTIVES: To define the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the THF-diols and LTX-diols in rats, we examined the nature of their interaction (additive or synergistic) and quantified the concentration of THF-diols in rat tissues. METHODS: Adult male and female rats were provided drinking solutions containing various doses of THF-diols and/or LTX-diols, and we evaluated their effects on male sexual behavior and female estrous cyclicity. Tissues were collected for THF-diol determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The LOAEL for THF-diols and LTX-diols for blocking estrous cyclicity was 0.5–1.0 ppm and 0.2–0.5 ppm, respectively. Higher concentrations (1–2 ppm) of THF-diols were required to block male sexual behavior. Combination studies with subthreshold doses of 0.05 ppm THF-diols plus 0.05 ppm LTX-diols revealed that their effects on estrous cyclicity were not synergistic. We were unable to detect THF-diols in tissues from rats treated with 10 ppm of the compounds, suggesting that metabolism may be involved. DISCUSSION: THF-diols, LTX-diols, and/or their metabolites likely act additively to disrupt endocrine function in male and female rats at concentrations (0.5–1 ppm) that are 200-fold lower than those of classical phytoestrogen endocrine disruptors

#D Mesonet: Pre/Post Operations Inspection

Steven Trellis; Aerospace Engineering; [email protected]. Faculty mentor: Elizabeth Pillar‐Little; School of Meteorology; [email protected]

Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):702-708.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868002.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p

Effects of THF-diols on the estrous cycle of adult female Holtzman rats treated with vehicle (controls) or various doses (0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):702-708.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868002.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p>2, 0.5, or 1 ppm) of approximately 1:1 mixture of THF-diol isomers. See “Materials and Methods” for details. Of the vehicle controls, 100% (8/8) displayed normal (5–7 day) cycles, whereas cyclicity was suppressed in the 0.2-ppm (75% normal cycles; 6/8 rats), 0.5-ppm (87.5% normal cycles; 7/8), and 1.0-ppm (22% normal cycles; 2/9 rats) treatment groups. Four rats in the 1.0-ppm group displayed a single estrus smear during the 30-day period

Effects of THF-diols on the estrous cycle of adult female Holtzman rats treated with vehicle (controls) or with LTX-diols (0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):702-708.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868002.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p>2, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm; dose–response study) or LTX-diols plus THF-diols (0.05 ppm each; combination study) as described in “Materials and Methods.” The data for the dose–response study are also summarized in . Data for the combination study are summarized in

Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats-8

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):702-708.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868002.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p

Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):702-708.</p><p>Published online 29 Jan 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868002.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p