Machine Learning Based Automatic Leaf Diseases Detection

The method for applying machine learning to automatically detect leaf diseases is presented in this paper. A convolutional neural network was used to extract pertinent features from leaf image datasets that included healthy and diseased leaves. The dataset was compiled and pre-processed. Accuracy, precision, and recall measures were used to assess the machine learning algorithm after it had been trained on the labeled dataset. According to the findings, the algorithm was very precise and recallable in its ability to detect leaf illnesses, making it a potential method for practical use. This strategy may help with early leaf disease identification and prevention, increasing crop productivity and lowering the demand for toxic pesticides. Here we are identifying the Bacterial spot, Early blight

Hepatoprotective activity of Cayratia trifolia (L.) domin against nitrobenzene induced hepatotoxicity

The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin was evaluated against nitrobenzene (NB) (50 mg/Kg bw, orally) induced hepatic damage in rats. The extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were administered orally once every day for 7 successive days. The treatment restores the elevated levels of the liver marker enzymes such as alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase in serum and lipid peroxidation in tissue homogenate. Whereas the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase remains decreased in carcinogen induced group and after treatment the levels of antioxidant enzymes increased. Histopathological analysis of the NB induced animals showed severe necrosis and fatty infiltration in liver. After treatment with C. trifolia the rats showed regeneration of hepatocytes. The results thus support the use of C. trifolia as a hepatoprotective agent.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

A comparison between Asian and Australasia backpackers using cultural consensus analysis

This study tests the differences in the shared understanding of the backpacker cultural domain between two groups: backpackers from Australasia and backpackers from Asian countries. A total of 256 backpackers responded to a questionnaire administered in Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Krabi Province (Thailand). Cultural consensus analysis (CCA) guided the data analysis, to identify the shared values and the differences in the backpacker culture of the two groups. The findings revealed that while the two groups share some of the backpacker cultural values, some other values are distinctively different from one another. The study provides the first empirical evidence of the differences in backpacking culture between the two groups using CCA. Based on the study findings, we propose some marketing and managerial implications

Structure, optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide ultra thin films prepared by jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been prepared by jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique for different Sn concentrations on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that all the films are polycrystalline of cubic structure with preferentially oriented along (222) plane. SEM images show that films exhibit uniform surface morphology with well-defined spherical particles. The EDX spectrum confirms the presence of In, Sn and O elements in prepared films. AFM result indicates that the surface roughness of the films is reduced as Sn doping. The optical transmittance of ITO thin films is improved from 77% to 87% in visible region and optical band gap is increased from 3.59 to 4.07 eV. Photoluminescence spectra show mainly three emissions peaks (UV, blue and green) and a shift observed in UV emission peak. The presence of functional groups and chemical bonding was analyzed by FTIR. Hall effect measurements show prepared films having n-type conductivity with low resistivity (3.9 × 10−4 Ω-cm) and high carrier concentrations (6.1 × 1020 cm−3)

A study of Tin doping effects on physical properties of CdO thin films prepared by sol–gel spin coating method

Transparent conducting Tin doped Cadmium oxide thin films were prepared by sol–gel spin coating method with different Sn concentrations. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the polycrystalline nature of the Cadmium oxide (CdO) with cubic structure and show preferential orientation along (111) plane. The surface morphology of prepared films was analyzed by SEM and surface roughness variations analyzed by water contact angle measurement. The EDX spectra confirmed the presence of Cd, Sn and O elements in the films. The blue shift of energy gap from 2.42 to 2.96 eV is explained by Burstein–Moss effect. The presents of functional groups and the chemical bonding are confirmed by FTIR spectra. The minimum electrical resistivity (1.12 × 10−4 Ω cm) and maximum carrier concentration (9.94 × 1021 cm−3) was obtained for 5% of Sn doped CdO thin film