450 research outputs found
Mathematical Model of Clonal Evolution Proposes a Personalised Multi-Modal Therapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma
: Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumour in children. Despite multi-modal therapy, over half of the high-risk patients will succumb. One contributing factor is the one-size-fits-all nature of multi-modal therapy. For example, during the first step (induction chemotherapy), the standard regimen (rapid COJEC) administers fixed doses of chemotherapeutic agents in eight two-week cycles. Perhaps because of differences in resistance, this standard regimen results in highly heterogeneous outcomes in different tumours. In this study, we formulated a mathematical model comprising ordinary differential equations. The equations describe the clonal evolution within a neuroblastoma tumour being treated with vincristine and cyclophosphamide, which are used in the rapid COJEC regimen, including genetically conferred and phenotypic drug resistance. The equations also describe the agents' pharmacokinetics. We devised an optimisation algorithm to find the best chemotherapy schedules for tumours with different pre-treatment clonal compositions. The optimised chemotherapy schedules exploit the cytotoxic difference between the two drugs and intra-tumoural clonal competition to shrink the tumours as much as possible during induction chemotherapy and before surgical removal. They indicate that induction chemotherapy can be improved by finding and using personalised schedules. More broadly, we propose that the overall multi-modal therapy can be enhanced by employing targeted therapies against the mutations and oncogenic pathways enriched and activated by the chemotherapeutic agents. To translate the proposed personalised multi-modal therapy into clinical use, patient-specific model calibration and treatment optimisation are necessary. This entails a decision support system informed by emerging medical technologies such as multi-region sequencing and liquid biopsies. The results and tools presented in this paper could be the foundation of this decision support system
Determination of the eta'-proton scattering length in free space
Taking advantage of both the high mass resolution of the COSY-11 detector and
the high energy resolution of the low-emittance proton-beam of the Cooler
Synchrotron COSY we determine the excitation function for the pp --> pp eta'
reaction close-to-threshold. Combining these data with previous results we
extract the scattering length for the eta'-proton potential in free space to be
Re(a_{p eta'}) = 0+-0.43 fm and Im(a_{p eta'}) = 0.37(+0.40)(-0.16) fm.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
The essential peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase MurG forms a complex with proteins involved in lateral envelope growth as well as with proteins involved in cell division in Escherichia coli
In Escherichia coli many enzymes including MurG are directly involved in the synthesis and assembly of peptidoglycan. MurG is an essential glycosyltransferase catalysing the last intracellular step of peptidoglycan synthesis. To elucidate its role during elongation and division events, localization of MurG using immunofluorescence microscopy was performed. MurG exhibited a random distribution in the cell envelope with a relatively higher intensity at the division site. This mid-cell localization was dependent on the presence of a mature divisome. Its localization in the lateral cell wall appeared to require the presence of MreCD. This could be indicative of a potential interaction between MurG and other proteins. Investigating this by immunoprecipitation revealed the association of MurG with MreB and MraY in the same protein complex. In view of this, the loss of rod shape of ΔmreBCD strain could be ascribed to the loss of MurG membrane localization. Consequently, this could prevent the localized supply of the lipid II precursor to the peptidoglycan synthesizing machinery involved in cell elongation. It is postulated that the involvement of MurG in the peptidoglycan synthesis concurs with two complexes, one implicated in cell elongation and the other in division. A model representing the first complex is proposed
General thoughts to the Kaon pair production in the threshold region
Simple--minded thoughts about the cross sections for the reactions
pp-->ppK+K- and pp-->ppK0K0 are presented, which certainly do not account for
the complex coupled channel problem but rather provide some ideas into the
mutual reaction dynamics.Comment: Talk given at 9th International Workshop on Meson Production,
Properties and Interaction, Cracow, Poland, 9-13 June 2006. 3 pages, 2
figure
Associated strangeness production in pp collisions near threshold
Motivated by the ongoing discussion concerning the nature of the scalar
resonances f0(980) and a0(980), the COSY-11 collaboration has taken exclusive
data on the pp->ppK+K- reaction near the production threshold. A first total
cross section sigma=(1.80+-0.27+0.28-0.35)nb for the excess energy Q=17 MeV has
been determined. In contrary to the eta, omega and eta' single meson production
studies which clearly show the strong pp final state interaction (FSI), the
cross section values obtained at COSY-11 and DISTO can be both described by a
fit with a four-body phase space including the proton-proton final state
interaction as well as with one-meson exchange calculations neglecting FSI
effects. Therefore, one might think about a compensation of the strong pp
interaction through a pK- FSI effect or an additional degree of freedom caused
by the four-body final state. In the latter case, strong FSI effects can be
expected at Q-values very close to the K+K- production threshold. Such a
motivation triggered -- in combination with the investigation of the
kaon-Antikaon interaction being relevant to the structure of the f0(980) --
further measurements at the excess energies Q=10 and Q=28 MeV at COSY-11.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Presented at X. International Conference On
Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron 2003), Aschaffenburg, Germany, 31 Aug - 6 Sep
200
Dynamics of the near threshold eta meson production in proton-proton interaction
We present the results of measurements of the analysing power for the p(pol)p
--> pp eta reaction at the excess energies of Q=10 and 36 MeV, and interpret
these results within the framework of the meson exchange models. The determined
values of the analysing power at both excess energies are consistent with zero
implying that the eta meson is produced predominantly in s-wave.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Presented at the Workshop on the physics of
excited nucleons (NSTAR 2007), 5-8 September 2007, Bonn, German
First close-to-threshold measurement of the analyzing power Ay in the reaction p(pol)p -> pp eta
At the internal facility COSY-11 a first measurement of the reaction p(pol)p
-> pp eta near the production threshold has been performed. Results for the
analysing power will be presented and a comparison with one meson exchange
models will be discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, Presented at Conference on Quarks and Nuclear
Physics (QNP 2002), Julich, Germany, 9-14 Jun 200
Production of eta and eta-prime mesons via the quasi-free proton-neutron interaction
A comparison of the close-to-threshold total cross sections for the eta-prime
meson production in both the pp --> pp eta-prime and pn --> pn eta-prime
reactions should provide insight into the flavour-singlet (perhaps also into
gluonium) content of the eta-prime meson and the relevance of quark-gluon or
hadronic degrees of freedom in the creation process. The excitation function
for the reaction pp --> pp eta-prime has been already established. At present,
experimental investigations of the quasi-free pn --> pn X reactions are carried
out at the COSY-11 facility using a beam of stochastically cooled protons and
the deuteron cluster target. A method of measurement and preliminary results
from the test experiments of the pn --> pn eta reaction are presented in this
report.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Presented at X. International Conference On
Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron 2003), Aschaffenburg, Germany, 31 Aug - 6 Sep
200
IFT proteins interact with HSET to promote supernumerary centrosome clustering in mitosis.
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancer, and centrosome clustering is essential for cancer cell survival. The mitotic kinesin HSET is an essential contributor to this process. Recent studies have highlighted novel functions for intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins in regulating motors and mitotic processes. Here, using siRNA knock-down of various IFT proteins or AID-inducible degradation of endogenous IFT88 in combination with small-molecule inhibition of HSET, we show that IFT proteins together with HSET are required for efficient centrosome clustering. We identify a direct interaction between the kinesin HSET and IFT proteins, and we define how IFT proteins contribute to clustering dynamics during mitosis using high-resolution live imaging of centrosomes. Finally, we demonstrate the requirement of IFT88 for efficient centrosome clustering in a variety of cancer cell lines naturally harboring supernumerary centrosomes and its importance for cancer cell proliferation. Overall, our data unravel a novel role for the IFT machinery in centrosome clustering during mitosis in cells harboring supernumerary centrosomes
Total and Differential Cross Sections for the pp-->pp eta-prime Reaction Near Threshold
The eta-prime meson production in the reaction pp-->pp eta-prime has been
studied at excess energies of Q = 26.5, 32.5 and 46.6 MeV using the internal
beam facility COSY-11 at the cooler synchrotron COSY. The total cross sections
as well as one angular distribution for the highest Q-value are presented. The
excitation function of the near threshold data can be described by a pure
s-wave phase space distribution with the inclusion of the proton-proton final
state interaction and Coulomb effects. The obtained angular distribution of the
eta-prime mesons is also consistent with pure s-wave production.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
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