How far does the analogy between causal horizon-induced thermalization with the standard heat bath situation go?

After a short presentation of KMS states and modular theory as the unifying description of thermalizing systems we propose the absence of transverse vacuum fluctuations in the holographic projections as the mechanism for an area behavior (the transverse area) of localization entropy as opposed to the volume dependence of ordinary heat bath entropy. Thermalization through causal localization is not a property of QM, but results from the omnipresent vacuum polarization in QFT and does not require a Gibbs type ensemble avaraging (coupling to a heat bath).Comment: 10 pages, based on talk given at the 2002 Londrina Winter Schoo

Thermal behavior induced by vacuum polarization on causal horizons in comparison with the standard heat bath formalism

Modular theory of operator algebras and the associated KMS property are used to obtain a unified description for the thermal aspects of the standard heat bath situation and those caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations from localization. An algebraic variant of lightfront holography reveals that the vacuum polarization on wedge horizons is compressed into the lightray direction. Their absence in the transverse direction is the prerequisite to an area (generalized Bekenstein-) behavior of entropy-like measures which reveal the loss of purity of the vacuum due to restrictions to wedges and their horizons. Besides the well-known fact that localization-induced (generalized Hawking-) temperature is fixed by the geometric aspects, this area behavior (versus the standard volume dependence) constitutes the main difference between localization-caused and standard thermal behavior.Comment: 15 page Latex, dedicated to A. A. Belavin on the occasion of his 60th birthda

Quantum noise in ideal operational amplifiers

We consider a model of quantum measurement built on an ideal operational amplifier operating in the limit of infinite gain, infinite input impedance and null output impedance and with a feddback loop. We evaluate the intensity and voltage noises which have to be added to the classical amplification equations in order to fulfill the requirements of quantum mechanics. We give a description of this measurement device as a quantum network scattering quantum fluctuations from input to output ports.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, RevTe

人格形成を規定する要因分析(III) : Y-G検査に現れた出生の順位と同胞の性差の影響について

本研究は芸術専攻者の性格特性を規定する要因に関する研究の第3報告である。すなわち,芸術専攻者(女子)の,及びの性格特性を明らかにしようとした。結果としては,においては,(1)長子と末子間には性格特性上一般的にかなり大きな差異が認められる。(2)末子が男子か女子かによって長子(女子)の性格上の差異がD, O, S特性に認められ,(3)(2)と逆に,長子が男子か女子かによって末子(女子)の性格上の差異がD, I, R特性に認めらられる。(4)対象者(女子)が,その同胞が女子である場合(姉,妹)と,男子である場合(兄,弟)とでは,両者間にほとんど性格上の差異が認められない。他の研究との関連で,ダイナミックな動的研究の必要性が今後の問題として残されている。(5)については,予想された程,統制群や他の型との偏差は認められなかった。この結果は,ひとりっ子という要因が,20才前後という年令的要因によって統御されてしまうのか,女子という更に芸術専攻者という要因によってオーバーラップされてしまうのか,今後の標本問題として残されている

Confined Phase In The Real Time Formalism And The Fate Of The World Behind The Horizon

In the real time formulation of finite temperature field theories, one introduces an additional set of fields (type-2 fields) associated to each field in the original theory (type-1 field). In hep-th/0106112, in the context of the AdS-CFT correspondence, Maldacena interpreted type-2 fields as living on a boundary behind the black hole horizon. However, below the Hawking-Page transition temperature, the thermodynamically preferred configuration is the thermal AdS without a black hole, and hence there are no horizon and boundary behind it. This means that when the dual gauge theory is in confined phase, the type-2 fields cannot be associated with the degrees of freedom behind the black hole horizon. I argue that in this case the role of the type-2 fields is to make up bulk type-2 fields of classical closed string field theory on AdS at finite temperature in the real time formalism.Comment: v2: cases divided into sections with more detailed explanations. considerably enlarged with examples and a lot of figures. sec 4.1.2 for general closed cut-out circuits and appendix A for a sample calculation newly added. many minor corrections and clarifying comments. refs added. v3: refs and related discussion added. 1+46 pages, 26 figures. published versio

Triple-labeled Whole-body Autoradiography of Tumor Bearing Rat using 18F-FDG, 67Ga-Citrate and 75Se-Selenomethionine

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付

An alternate smearing method for Wilson loops in lattice QCD

A gauge field link smearing method developed for calculations with staggered fermions, namely the use of unitarized fat7 links, is applied to mesonic and baryonic Wilson loop calculations. This method is found to be very effective for reducing statistical fluctuations for large Wilson loops. Examination of chromo-electric field distributions shows that self-interactions of the static sources are reduced when unitarized fat7 smearing is used but long-distance inter-quark effects are unchanged.Comment: 17 pages with 9 figures, figure and reference adde

First Order Semiclassical Thermal String in the AdS Spacetime

We formulate the finite temperature theory for the free thermal excitations of the bosonic string in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime in the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) approach. The spacetime metric is treated exactly while the string and the thermal reservoir are semiclassically quantized at the first order perturbation theory with respect to the dimensionless parameter \epsilon = \a ' H^{-2}. In the conformal $D=2+1$ black-hole AdS background the quantization is exact. The method can be extended to the arbitrary AdS spacetime only in the first order perturbation. This approximation is taken in the center of mass reference frame and it is justified by the fact that at the first order the string dynamics is determined only by the interaction between the {\em free} string oscillation modes and the {\em exact} background. The first order thermal string is obtained by thermalization of the $T = 0$ system carried on by the TFD Bogoliubov operator. We determine the free thermal string states and compute the local entropy and free energy in the center of mass reference frame.Comment: Minor typos corrected. Two references added. LATeX file, 19 page