Technique and diagnostic utility of saline infusion sonohysterography

The introduction of saline infusion sonohysterography has significantly improved sonographic diagnosis of various endometrial pathologies. This procedure entails instillation of warm saline into the uterine cavity transcervically to provide enhanced visualization of the endometrium during transvaginal ultrasound examination. This article reviews the sonohysterography technique and current utility, as well as the spectrum of imaging features of various endometrial pathologies.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135202/1/ijgo5.pd

Systematic Deletion of Homeobox Genes in Podospora anserina Uncovers Their Roles in Shaping the Fruiting Body

Higher fungi, which comprise ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, play major roles in the biosphere. Their evolutionary success may be due to the extended dikaryotic stage of their life cycle, which is the basis for their scientific name: the Dikarya. Dikaryosis is maintained by similar structures, the clamp in basidiomycetes and the crozier in ascomycetes. Homeodomain transcription factors are required for clamp formation in all basidiomycetes studied. We identified all the homeobox genes in the filamentous ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina and constructed deletion mutants for each of these genes and for a number of gene combinations. Croziers developed normally in these mutants, including those with up to six deleted homeogenes. However, some mutants had defects in maturation of the fruiting body, an effect that could be rescued by providing wild-type maternal hyphae. Analysis of mutants deficient in multiple homeogenes revealed interactions between the genes, suggesting that they operate as a complex network. Similar to their role in animals and plants, homeodomain transcription factors in ascomycetes are involved in shaping multicellular structures

Techniques to assess the role of various components in retarding aging of rigid, faced thermal insulating foams

As industry began to evaluate CFC-replacements, it became apparent that foam performance characterizations have been based primarily on empirical evidence collected over a long period of gradualimprovements. Much of the existing wealth of knowledge was simply not applicable to new systems. The development of new products with CFC replacements requires understanding how formulation variables(polyol, isocyanate, blowing agent, catalyst) and manufacturing conditions affect foam properties, how conditions in use affect foam performance and how the process of sample selection and testing may be used to provide feedback to design improved foams.Lorsque l?industrie a commenc\ue9 \ue0 \ue9valuer des solutions de rechange aux chlorofluorocarbures (CFC), il est devenu apparent que les caract\ue9risations de la performance de la mousse \ue9taient jusque l\ue0 fond\ue9es essentiellement sur des preuves empiriques recueillies au fil d?une longue p\ue9riode d?am\ue9liorations graduelles. Une part importante des connaissances existantes n?\ue9tait tout simplement pas applicable aux nouveaux syst\ue8mes. Le d\ue9veloppement de nouveaux produits avec solutions de rechange aux CFC requiert une compr\ue9hension de la fa\ue7on dont les variables de formulation (polyol, isocyanate, agent d?expansion, catalyseur) et les conditions de fabrication influent sur les propri\ue9t\ue9s de la mousse, dont les conditions en service influent \ue0 leur tour sur sa performance et dont le processus de s\ue9lection et de mise \ue0 l?essai des \ue9chantillons peut \ueatre utilis\ue9 pour g\ue9n\ue9rer une r\ue9troaction aux fins de la conception de mousses am\ue9lior\ue9es.Also presented at the World Congress : Polyurethane '93Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye