The impact of the steel cord construction on its decline of breaking force after fatigue test in bidirectional bending conditions

In the paper the influence of bidirectional bending on breaking force of steel cord has been assessed. Tests were carried out under laboratory conditions on three types of cord. It was found that bidirectional bending of steel cord cause the deterioration of strength properties and weakening of steel cord as a result of its fatigue. The obtained results may find application in the wire industry while implementing the new production technologies of steel cord

Astrophysical constraints on non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering

The exciting possibility of detecting supernova, solar, and atmospheric neutrinos with coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering detectors is within reach, opening up new avenues to probe New Physics. We explore the possibility of constraining non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering through astrophysical neutrinos. Sensitivity bounds on the mass and coupling of the new mediator are obtained by inspecting the modifications induced by the new interaction on the recoil rate observable in the upcoming RES-NOVA and DARWIN facilities. Under the assumption of optimal background tagging, the detection of neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, or one-year exposure to solar and atmospheric neutrinos, will place the most stringent bounds for mediator couplings $g \gtrsim 10^{-5}$ and mediator masses between 1 and 100 MeV. A similar, but slightly improved, potential to COHERENT will be provided for larger mediator masses. In particular, RES-NOVA and DARWIN may potentially provide one order of magnitude tighter constraints than XENON1T on the mediator coupling. Non-standard coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering may also force neutrinos to be trapped in the supernova core; this argument allows to probe the region of the parameter space with $g \gtrsim 10^{-4}$, which is currently excluded by other coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering facilities or other astrophysical and terrestrial constraints.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Discussion on the forecasted bounds extended, conclusions unchanged. Matches version accepted in Phys. Rev.

Children's health and environmental - social factors

The article is devoted to the study of the health status of children and adolescents. Examines the influence of ecological and social environment on the processes of growth and differentiation of child's organism, as well as features of sexual development.Shows the dynamics of morbidity of children and adolescents G. Balashova and Balashov districtСтатья посвящена изучению состояния здоровья детей и подростков. Рассматривается влияние экологической и социальной обстановки на процессы роста и дифференцировки организма ребёнка, а также особенностям полового развития. Показана динамика заболеваемости детей и подростков г. Балашова и Балашовского район

Distinctive nuclear signatures of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos

New probes of neutrino mixing are needed to advance precision studies. One promising direction is via the detection of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos (below a few hundred MeV), to which a variety of near-term experiments will have much-improved sensitivity. Here we focus on probing these neutrinos through distinctive nuclear signatures of exclusive neutrino-carbon interactions -- those that lead to detectable nuclear-decay signals with low backgrounds -- in both neutral-current and charged-current channels. The neutral-current signature is a line at 15.11 MeV and the charged-current signatures are two- or three-fold coincidences with delayed decays. We calculate the prospects for identifying such events in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a large-scale liquid-scintillator detector. A five-year exposure would yield about 16 neutral-current events (all flavors) and about 16 charged-current events (mostly from $\nu_e + \bar{\nu}_e$, with some from $\nu_\mu + \bar{\nu}_\mu$), and thus roughly 25\% uncertainties on each of their rates. Our results show the potential of JUNO to make the first identified measurement of sub-100 MeV atmospheric neutrinos. They also are a step towards multi-detector studies of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos, with the goal of identifying additional distinctive nuclear signatures for carbon and other targets.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix. Minor changes, matches version published in Phys. Rev.

A closer look at the pppp-chain reaction in the Sun: Constraining the coupling of light mediators to protons

The $pp$-chain of nuclear reactions is the primary route for energy production in the Sun. The first step in that reaction sequence converts two protons to a deuterium nucleus with the emission of a positron and electron neutrino. This reaction is extremely slow because it is a weak interaction, and significantly, it involves quantum tunneling through the Coulomb barrier. Though the reaction rate can be calculated with high confidence in the Standard Model, it has not been measured at solar energies. If there exist interactions that are engendered by non-standard mediators then the rate of this reaction in the Sun could be altered. We probe such non-standard interactions by comparing calculations of solar evolution to the current solar system age in the presence and absence of the non-standard mediators. These reveal ranges of non-standard mediator mass and couplings that are inconsistent with measured properties of the Sun, including solar neutrino results. Our constraints on these non-standard parameters, in many cases overlapping those derived via other considerations, could be extended further with better confidence in the value of the metalicity of the Sun and the solar neutrino CNO flux. Intriguingly, our work reveals a degeneracy between the solar metalicity and the presence of the invoked non-standard mediators.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures. Extended discussion on the changes in the Coulomb barriers in other nuclear reactions in the Sun. Matches version accepted in JCA

The mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires drawn in conventional and hydrodynamic dies

In the paper the influence of the hydrodynamic die on mechanical properties has been assessed. The drawing process of φ 5,5 mm wires to the final wire of φ 2,5 mm was conducted in 7 passes, in industrial conditions, by means of a modern Koch multi-die drawing machine. The drawing speed in the last passes was 8,2 m/s. On the basis of numerical analyses wire drawing process, the redundant strain of wires has been determined. In the case of the wires drawn with hydrodynamic dies the increase of plasticity properties have been noted. It has been shown that the increase of strength properties in wires drawn with conventional die is related to the occurrence in their bigger redundant strain

The effect of multiple bending of wire on the residual stresses of high carbon steel wires

Steel tire cord, springs and rope wires belong to the group of metal products from which the low residual stresses are required. In this paper the effect of multiple bending of wire on residual stresses of high carbon steel wires has been assessed. It was found that the application of the multi-roller straightening machine in the banding wire process enables to reduce the residual stresses in the drawn wires. It should be also noted that the value of the residual stresses depends on the type of straightener construction. The residual stresses on the basis of stress-strain curve has been determined. It has been stated that the application of seven-rolls straightener gives the best effect of straightening

Measuring the supernova unknowns at the next-generation neutrino telescopes through the diffuse neutrino background

The detection of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) will preciously contribute to gauge the properties of the core-collapse supernova population. We estimate the DSNB event rate in the next-generation neutrino detectors, Hyper-Kamiokande enriched with Gadolinium, JUNO, and DUNE. The determination of the supernova unknowns through the DSNB will be heavily driven by Hyper-Kamiokande, given its higher expected event rate, and complemented by DUNE that will help in reducing the parameters uncertainties. Meanwhile, JUNO will be sensitive to the DSNB signal over the largest energy range. A joint statistical analysis of the expected rates in 20 years of data taking from the above detectors suggests that we will be sensitive to the local supernova rate at most at a 20-33% level. A non-zero fraction of supernovae forming black holes will be confirmed at a 90% CL, if the true value of that fraction is larger than 20%. On the other hand, the DSNB events show extremely poor statistical sensitivity to the nuclear equation of state and mass accretion rate of the progenitors forming black holes.Comment: 29 pages, including 15 figures. Minor changes in the text, matches version accepted for publication in JCA

Ag on Ge(111): 2D X-ray structure analysis of the (Wurzel)3 x (Wurzel)3 superstructure

We have studied the Ag/Ge(111)(Wurzel)3 x (Wurzel)3 superstructure by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. In our structural analysis we find striking similarities to the geometry of Au on Si(111). The Ag atoms form trimer clusters with an Ag-Ag distance of 2.94+-0.04°A with the centers of the trimers being located at the origins of the (Wurzel)3 x (Wurzel)3 lattice. The Ag layer is incomplete and at least one substrate layer is distorted

The influence of drawing speed on structure changes in high carbon steel wires

In the paper the influence of the drawing speed on structure changes has been assessed. The Scanning Electron Microscope investigation confirmed that for wires drawn with high total draft, exceeding 80 %, makes it impossible to clearly assess the impact of drawing technology on structural changes in the drawn wires. Thus, to assess the structural changes necessary to apply quantitative methods. On the basis of examination of the wire structure by measuring of electrical resistance, the structure changes in drawn wires has been determined. It has been shown that the increase of drawing speed, especially above 15 m/s, causes an increase in structure defect, with a decline in platelet orientation of cementite in drawn wires