Temporal Justification Logic

Justification logics are modal-like logics with the additional capability of recording the reason, or justification, for modalities in syntactic structures, called justification terms. Justification logics can be seen as explicit counterparts to modal logics. The behavior and interaction of agents in distributed system is often modeled using logics of knowledge and time. In this paper, we sketch some preliminary ideas on how the modal knowledge part of such logics of knowledge and time could be replaced with an appropriate justification logic

Optical polarization of localized hole spins in p-doped quantum wells

The initialization of spin polarization in localized hole states is investigated using time-resolved Kerr rotation. We find that the sign of the polarization depends on the magnetic field, and the power and the wavelength of the circularly polarized pump pulse. An analysis of the spin dynamics and the spin-initialization process shows that two mechanisms are responsible for spin polarization with opposite sign: The difference of the g factor between the localized holes and the trions, as well as the capturing process of dark excitons by the localized hole states.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler

A long lifetime Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler particularly adapted for space applications is described. It consists of a compressor section centrally aligned end to end with an expansion section, and respectively includes a reciprocating compressor piston and displacer radially suspended in interconnecting cylindrical housings by active magnetic bearings and has adjacent reduced clearance regions so as to be in noncontacting relationship therewith and wherein one or more of these regions operate as clearance seals. The piston and displacer are reciprocated in their housings by linear drive motors to vary the volume of respectively adjacent compression and expansion spaces which contain a gaseous working fluid and a thermal regenerator to effect Stirling cycle cryogenic cooling

Nonparametric regression penalizing deviations from additivity

Due to the curse of dimensionality, estimation in a multidimensional nonparametric regression model is in general not feasible. Hence, additional restrictions are introduced, and the additive model takes a prominent place. The restrictions imposed can lead to serious bias. Here, a new estimator is proposed which allows penalizing the nonadditive part of a regression function. This offers a smooth choice between the full and the additive model. As a byproduct, this penalty leads to a regularization in sparse regions. If the additive model does not hold, a small penalty introduces an additional bias compared to the full model which is compensated by the reduced bias due to using smaller bandwidths. For increasing penalties, this estimator converges to the additive smooth backfitting estimator of Mammen, Linton and Nielsen [Ann. Statist. 27 (1999) 1443-1490]. The structure of the estimator is investigated and two algorithms are provided. A proposal for selection of tuning parameters is made and the respective properties are studied. Finally, a finite sample evaluation is performed for simulated and ozone data.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000001246 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Stellenwert der pelvinen Lymphadenektomie beim klinisch lokalisierten Prostatakarzinom

Zusammenfassung: Der Stellenwert und die Ausdehnung der pelvinen Lymphadenektomie beim klinisch lokalisierten Prostatakarzinom werden weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert. Die Lymphadenektomie stellt jedoch bis heute die einzige Methode für ein exaktes Tumorstaging dar. Es gibt zunehmend Hinweise, dass das Entfernen von allen befallenen Lymphknoten einen positiven Einfluss auf das tumorfreie Überleben und evtl. auf das Gesamtüberleben haben könnte. Aus diesem Grund sollte, wenn eine Lymphadenektomie durchgeführt wird, diese Entlang der V.iliaca externa, in der Fossa obturatoria und beidseits Entlang der A.iliaca interna erfolge