Reduce the risk of stock trading by using technical analysis in iran's stock market

One of the basic criteria for evaluating the performance of a stock portfolio is taking into account the return on investment with the rate of their risk. In this research, efficiency of 50 active companies of Tehran Stock Exchangeevaluated by moving average method with their appropriate risk. In measuring mentioned strategic risk, Fama and French three-factor developed model has been used toughlywhich is among the most important models. The results indicate significant effects of excess market efficiency, size of company and the ratio of book value to market value.In other words, the risk premium of price, size and value of market was predicted which with increasing the efficiency of stock in proportion to efficiency of government bonds, market efficiency also increase.And the risk premium of size and value has negative impact on efficiency of stock forecasting. With this observation, this research suggest forming a portfolio with zero cost by purchasing the highest portfolio of book value at market prices (BM) and selling lowest portfolio of book value at market prices (BM) by signals issued by Moving Average.Keywords: technical analysis, efficiency, risk, moving averages, Fama and Frenc

The Effect of Rock Phosphate Acidification and Vermicompost on Phosphorus Release Kinetics in a Calcareous Soil

IntroductionPhosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements necessary for plant growth and production of agricultural products. In calcareous soils, phosphorus deficiency is a general issue due to high pH, high soil calcium carbonate content, lack of organic matter and moisture. Phosphorus absorption capacity depends on different soil reactions such as: adsorption, sedimentation, stabilization and release. The speed and amount of plant available P depends on the soil reactions. Studying the kinetics of P release from soil is a good indicator to check the status of P uptake by plant. The kinetics of P release in soils is a subject of importance in soil and environmental sciences. The aim of this research was to investigate the kinetics of P release and derive the most suitable equation to describe the release of P from a calcareous soil when subjected to the acidification of rock phosphate and the addition of vermicompost. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the ability of acidified rock phosphate and vermicompost in P release, an experiment was conducted with 2 replications on a light-textured soil with low OC and Olsen-P (1.2 mg/kg). One hundred grams air dried calcareous soil was transferred into special containers and 5 treatments including: 1- control (soil), 2- rock phosphate, 3- acidified rock phosphate (20 CC nitric acid 0.1 N and 5 g rock phosphate), 4- vermicompost, and 5- acidified vermicompost (20 CC nitric acid 0.1 N and 5 g vermicompost) were applied. The treatments incubated two weeks in 20±2℃ temperature. The Kinetics of P release was studied by adding 20 mL of 0.5N NaHCO3 to, one gram of air dried treatments. Extraction times were considered to be 0.25 h to 256 h (in 11 times) based on the time of adding the NaHCO3 extractant until filtering. After adding the extractant, the samples were shaken and centrifuged. After filtering, the concentration of released P in samples were determined by spectrophotometer (Model: CE 292 Series2, ultraviolet). For higher accuracy in the measurements, acid-washed containers were adjusted based on the amount of soil moisture which was dried in the oven (105℃). Finally, the P release data were fitted to different kinetic equations. The effect of different fertilizer treatments on P release in specified times and then kinetics parameters were investigated and compared with the control. Results and DiscussionAddition of acidified and non acidified rock phosphate and vermicompost increased the amount and speed of P release in the calcareous soil. Six kinetic equations were fitted to describe the release of P in the period of 0.25 h to 256 h from the soil to evaluate the effect of the treatments. The highest release of P was in vermicompost and acidified rock phosphate treatment, which were an organic fertilizer and a source for preparing phosphate fertilizers. To describe the release rate, kinetic equations were used. The best equations were chosen by highest coefficient of determination (R2) and the least of standard error (SE). The zero, first, second order equations could not describe the release of P in the studied calcareous soil. The R2 value decreased from the zero to second order equation. The simplified Elovich equation described well the release of P from the soil with the average R2 of 0.79 and with the average SE of 0.4. Comparison of the average effect of the studied treatments with the control showed that the acidifed vermicompost and rock phosphate treatments increased the capacity and speed of P release compared to the control. On the other hand, acid addition has increased the capacity and speed of P release in the calcareous soil. ConclusionThe findings indicated an initial rapid release of P, which then decreased over time. Notably, the application of vermicompost and the acidification of the soil with rock phosphate resulted in a pronounced and accelerated release of P. Generally, organic fertilizer treatments exhibited a higher release of P compared to chemical fertilizer treatments. This observation is in accordnce with the findings of the data presented by Ghorbanzadeh et al. (2009), who explored the P release potential of bone meal. Their data demonstrated that the acidification of bone meal accelerated and enhanced P release. To further enhance the practical relevance of these results, it is recommended to conduct this research in the presence of plants

Outsourcing in Iranian hospitals: Findings from a qualitative study

Outsourcing is used as a strategy to improve efficiency, quality, and satisfaction of beneficiaries in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the reasons for outsourcing, outsourced services, achieved objectives, and outsourcing challenges. This qualitative study was conducted through 58 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with chief executive officers (CEOs), chief financial officers (CFOs), and contracting experts (CEs) in 42 public hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used. Interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed based on an inductive-deductive approach via MAXQDA-10. The Participants included 26 CEOs, 15 CFOs, and 17 CEs. The most important reasons for outsourcing were divided into four main categories including financial resources and funding, customers, management, and factors related to the hospitals. Accessing to up-to-date knowledge and technology, improving service quality and accountability, focusing on strategic points, reducing workload, and increasing patient satisfaction turned out to be the positive outcomes of outsourcing. Weakness in laws and regulations, monitoring and assessment of an outsourced unit, creating dependency and changing organizational culture, as well as human resource issues were introduced as the main pitfalls and challenges of outsourcing. Based on the results, it was suggested that the hospital managers must attempt to outsource services by realistic analysis of the organization's current status. They should specify the reasons and objectives of outsourcing and make decisions based on outsourcing potentials. By taking the current challenges of outsourcing in Iranian hospitals into account, the authorities can make the most efficient decisions with regard to outsourcing. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The impact of accreditation on nurses' perceptions of quality of care in Iran and its barriers and facilitators

Background: Iran national hospital accreditation was initiated as a government and mandatory program in 2012. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of accreditation on nurses' perceptions of quality of care and to determine those barriers and facilitators needed for effective implementation of accreditation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted in 43 tertiary public hospitals in 5 metropolises, Iran, which successfully passed national accreditation surveys. Participants included nurses with at least 5-year work experience. Overall response rate was 76, with 1312 of 1706 valid responses included in the data analysis. A questionnaire was applied using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 �strongly disagree� to 5 �strongly agree�. In addition, the questionnaire included 2 open-ended questions allowing the respondent to identify barriers and facilitators to the process of for improving accreditation implementation. The relationship between the quality of results and the independent variables was tested using multiple regression analysis. Results: The scales measuring benefits of accreditation had the highest mean score followed by strategic quality planning, education and training, and staff involvement. Regression analysis indicated that leadership, commitment, and support; education and training; rewards and recognition; and staff involvement were factors affecting quality results. Barriers encountered included financial and capital resources, staff, institutional, and patients. Hospital accreditation has a positive impact on quality of care. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide valuable information to policymakers and hospital managers on which to base the process of accreditation and its requirements, and to help reap its benefits. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The impact of accreditation on nurses' perceptions of quality of care in Iran and its barriers and facilitators

Background: Iran national hospital accreditation was initiated as a government and mandatory program in 2012. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of accreditation on nurses' perceptions of quality of care and to determine those barriers and facilitators needed for effective implementation of accreditation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey conducted in 43 tertiary public hospitals in 5 metropolises, Iran, which successfully passed national accreditation surveys. Participants included nurses with at least 5-year work experience. Overall response rate was 76, with 1312 of 1706 valid responses included in the data analysis. A questionnaire was applied using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 �strongly disagree� to 5 �strongly agree�. In addition, the questionnaire included 2 open-ended questions allowing the respondent to identify barriers and facilitators to the process of for improving accreditation implementation. The relationship between the quality of results and the independent variables was tested using multiple regression analysis. Results: The scales measuring benefits of accreditation had the highest mean score followed by strategic quality planning, education and training, and staff involvement. Regression analysis indicated that leadership, commitment, and support; education and training; rewards and recognition; and staff involvement were factors affecting quality results. Barriers encountered included financial and capital resources, staff, institutional, and patients. Hospital accreditation has a positive impact on quality of care. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide valuable information to policymakers and hospital managers on which to base the process of accreditation and its requirements, and to help reap its benefits. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

BioMed2008-38092 SMART ENDOSCOPIC TOOL FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF FORCE AND SOFTNESS OF GRASPED OBJECT IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

ABSTRACT One of the shortcomings of the current endoscopic graspers is the lack of tactile sensing. We are reporting the results of the first stage of a research project to rectify the tactile sensing in endoscopic tools. This paper introduces a smart endoscopic grasper equipped with sensors for measuring the applied force and the angle of the grasper tip. It is shown that using this method, the softness of the grasped object can be estimated. The next phase of this research would be devising an appropriate method to feedback the measured date

Effect of Surgical Safety Checklist on Mortality of Surgical Patients in the α University Hospitals

Background & Aims: Patient safety is one of the indicators of risk management in clinical governance system. Surgical care is one of the most sophisticated medical care in the hospitals. So it is not surprising that nearly half of the adverse events, 66% were related to surgery. Pre-flight aircraft Inspection model is starting point for designing surgical safety checklist that use for audit procedure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the use of surgical safety checklist on surgical patients mortality and complications. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study. This study was conducted in 2012 in the North West of Iran. The population consisted of patients who had undergoing surgery in &alpha; university of medical science`s hospital which have surgical department. In this study, 1125 patients underwent surgery within 3 months were studied. Data collection tool was designed based on WHO model and Surgcical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program(SCOAP). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS-20 statistical software and logistic regression analysis was used to calculate P values for each comparison. Results: No significant differences between patients in the two periods (before and after) There was. All complications rate reduced from 11 percent to 4 percent after the intervention by checklist (p<0.001). In the all hospitals mortality rate was decreased from 3.44% to 1.3% (p <0.003). Overall rate of surgical site infection and unplanned return to the operating room was reduced (p<0.001 and p<0.046). Conclusion: Many people every year due to lack of safety in hospitals, lose their lives. Despite the risks, such as leaving surgery sets in patient body and wrong surgery is due to lack of proper safety programs during surgery. By using safety checklist in all hospitals mortality rate and complications was reduced but this reduction was extremely in &alpha;3 hospital (from 5.2% to 1.48%)

Family physician and referral system adherence in iranian primary healthcare system

Background. One of the main strategies to improve access to and the quality and efficiency of healthcare systems is a fam ily physician program (FPP) as the primary care provider within an appropriate referral system. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of adherence of rural insured patients to family physicians (FP) and the referral system, as well as factors that affect self-referral. Material and methods. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2018 and February 2019 in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data on patient characteristics, adherence to the FPP and referral system, and the reasons for self-referral from 1,553 participants recruited using multistage cluster sampling. Results. Overall, 58.9 of participants adhered to the FPP and referral system. The total self-referral rate was 41.1, including 24.3 patients who had attended an FP appointment only to obtain a referral code, and 16.8 had self-referred directly. Data on age, sex, family monthly expenditure, and place of residence were associated with self-referral. Structural pitfalls, societal knowledge and attitudes, and cultural challenges were identified as the patients� reasons for self-referring. Within these categories, the most frequent reasons included uncertainty about the knowledge and skills of FPs (74.2), easy and inexpensive access to specialized services (66.7), better quality of specialized services (59), and a lack of awareness of the FPP and the services provided at level 1. Conclusions. A significant percentage of enrollees did not adhere to the FPP and referral system. Considering the unwelcome consequences of self-referral, designing and implementing practical interventions seems essential in order to encourage patients to be more compliant. © by Wydawnictwo Continuo

Occupational stress and associated risk factors among nurses: a cross-sectional study

Background: Nursing can be demanding and stressful with occupational stress posing a serious threat to nurses and patient outcomes.Aims/Objectives: To determine the prevalence of nurses' occupational stress and its associated risk factors. Design: Cross-sectional survey design.Methods: Nurses in 115 tertiary-level hospitals in 13 provinces in Iran were surveyed from August 2016-December 2017. Demographic information and occupational stress were assessed. 5422 distributed questionnaires were distributed with 2895 of returned surveys analyzed. One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analyses identified risk factors for occupational stress. Results: Mean score for overall occupational stress was 3.48 indicating a stress level between moderate and high, with 78.4% of respondents reporting that their job was stressful. Nurses reported issues with shiftwork, staffing, pay, workplace discrimination, management, policy and excessive workloads as sources of occupational stress. Risk factors in the multivariate analysis for higher occupational stress were female gender (p = .002), being married (p = .008), having lower educational levels (p p p = .025), general wards (p = .012) and teaching hospitals (p  Conclusions: The high prevalence of occupational stress amongst nurses in Iran demonstrates the extent of the issue, with recent reforms not effectively addressing occupational stress. The risk factors identified allow for more targeted interventions

The role of the urban family physician plan in utilization of outpatient services in Iran

Background. The family physician (FP) is vital for the continuity of care (CoC) and is also a reliable guide in choosing the preferred treatment pathways, which lead to a reduction in the utilization of unnecessary services. Objectives. To investigate the utilization of outpatient services in the Fars province as a pilot center for the urban family physician program (UFPP) and East Azerbaijan. East Azerbaijan is a province which has been selected for comparison (control) through clustering. Material and methods. This population-based, comparative and cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran. Retrospective data on specialists/subspecialists visits (SSV), prescribed medicine (PM), laboratory services (LS) and medical imaging services (MIS) was obtained from administrative claims data of the Iranian Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) for a random sample of 4,800 people between September 2017 and September 2018. Results. Overall, 50.2 of the participants were female. In the Fars province, the mean SSV, PM, LS and MIS utilization during the study period was 1.21, 3.05, 0.49, and 0.29, respectively. These amounts were 1.14, 1.71, 0.36 and 0.21, respectively, in East Azerbaijan. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in the utilization of SSV, PM, LS and MIS between provinces (p < 0.05). The largest difference was observed in the utilization of PM by a mean difference of 1.33 (1.17�1.50, p < 0.001). Females were associated with more PM utilization (p = 0.003), and older people utilized more outpatient services (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Unexpectedly, after five years of the implementation of UFPP, utilization of services was higher in Fras than East Azerbai-jan. Improved access by removing barriers, especially for women and the poor, as well as program execution problems could be the reason for these results. Further research is urgently needed to solve this mystery. © by Wydawnictwo Continuo