Structure-reactivity study of O-tosyl Cinchona alkaloids in their new synthesis and in hydrolysis to 9-epibases : unexpected formation of cinchonicine enol tosylate accelerated by microwave activation

New methods for O - tosylation of the natural Cinchona alkaloids have been discovered as a biphasic processes with Bu 3 N as a catalyst. The optimized excess of tosy l chloride , necessary for transformation of each of the four alkaloid s into O - tosy l derivative , decreases in the following order : quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine and cinchonine . The same decreasing order has been noticed for the hy drolysis rate of the appropriate tosylates to 9 - epibases . D iffic ult conversion of O - tosy lcinchonine in the hydrolytic medium of aq ueous tarta ric acid gives 9 - epicinchonine together with parallel formation of cinchonicine enol tosylate. The latter product is obtained as the main when both cinchonine and cinchonidine tosylates react in the presence of salicylic acid under controlled microwave heating . On the basis of X - ray structure of the new alkene product, the stereoselective syn - E2 quinuclidine ring opening process , competing to the S N 2 hydrolysis is postulated for this transformation

Bis(2-{[2,8-bis­(trifluoro­meth­yl)quinolin-4-yl](hydr­oxy)meth­yl}piperidin-1-ium) tetra­chloridodiphenyl­stannate(IV)

In the title salt, (C17H17F6N2O)2[Sn(C6H5)2Cl4], the complete anion is generated by crystallograaphic inversion symmetry, giving a trans-SnC2Cl4 octa­hedral coordination geometry for the metal atom. In the cation, the quinoline residue is almost normal to the other atoms, so that the ion has an L-shaped conformation [the C—C—C—C torsion angle linking the fused-ring systems is 100.9 (7)°]; the six-membered piperidin-1-ium ring has a chair conformation. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O inter­action occurs. In the crystal, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the components into a supra­molecular chain propagating along the a axis. C—H⋯Cl inter­actions are also present

2-{[2,8-Bis(trifluoro­meth­yl)quinolin-4-yl](hy­droxy)meth­yl}piperidin-1-ium 3-amino-5-nitro­benzoate sesquihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title salt solvate, C17H17F6N2O+·C7H5N2O4 −·1.5H2O, comprises a piperidin-1-ium cation, a 3-amino-5-nitro­benzoate anion, and three fractionally occupied [i.e. 0.414 (3), 0.627 (6) and 0.459 (5)] disordered water mol­ecules of solvation. The cation has an L shape with a C—C—C—C torsion angle of −102.9 (3)° for the atoms linking the quinolinyl group to the rest of the cation. In the anion, the carboxyl­ate and nitro groups are essentially coplanar with the benzene ring [O—C—C—C torsion angle = 179.7 (2)° and O—N—C—C torsion angle = −3.9 (3)°]. In the crystal, extensive O—H⋯O, O—H⋯F and N—H⋯·O hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of a layer in the ab plane

Use of chlorophyll fluorescence for estimation of some adjuvants efficacy in a mixture with atrazine

W pracy przedstawiono szybką metodę fluorescencji chlorofilu do oceny działania wybranych adiuwantów w mieszaninie z atrazyną na rośliny owsa. Atrazyna jako herbicyd triazynowy jest inhibitorem fotosyntetycznego transportu elektronowego w fotosystemie II, co może być rejestrowane za pomocą specjalnego fluorymetrów. Do po-miarów zastosowano fluorymetr impulsowy PAM-200 firmy Walz, mierzono parametr ETR. Wyniki badań wykazały zróżnicowanie reakcji roślin na zastosowane preparaty zależnie od rodzaju zastosowanego adiuwantu. Spośród badanych mieszanin Break-Thrue S-240 i Adbros 85 SL okazały się najbardziej skuteczne, natomiast Adbios 85 SL neutralizował biologiczne działanie atrazyny w mieszaninie z Azoprimem.In the paper is presented a quick chlorophyll fluorescence method for estimation of action of some adjuvants in the mixture with atrazine on oat plants. Atrazine is - a triazine herbicide - is an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II, which can be measured by means of the special pulse PAM-200 fluorometer. Results of the ETR measurements show differences between the phytotoxicity of the applied adjuvants. Of the studied mixtures Break-Thrue S-240 and Adbros 85 SL were the most effective, whereas Adbios 85 SL neutralised the biological action of atrazine in the connection with Azoprim

The effect of Atpolan 80 EC on atrazine residues in the soil

The persistence of atrazine residues in soils may have an effect on the contamination of the ground water or surface water. Besides the active ingredients, pesticide formulations contain many other compounds called adjuvants. One of them is the Atpolan 80 EC which belongs to the group of oil mineral adjuvants used as lank-mix. The utilization of a fraction of paraffin oil 1113 is one of the examples of utilising waste as the component of Atpolan 80 EC in agriculture. When the Atpolan concentration comprised 1.25% (v/v), the atrazine degradation rate decreased in the sandy loam and muck soil. The half-life of atrazine increased over a period of 40 or 57 days, depending on the type of the soil. The least significant effect was caused by Atpolan concentration at 0.25 and 0.75%. This result points at the capability of limiting atrazine run-off and leaching down the soil profile. Each ingredient of the pesticide, besides having the overall ability to distribute between different phases, also demonstrates some single compound behaviour. This paper shows our current understanding of the factors that influence the adjuvant performance and their potentially complex interactions with the pesticide