Where are the returns to lifelong learning?

Participation in formal education during adulthood (ages 25 to 54) is a key part of lifelong learning. Employing unique longitudinal data for Australia, we highlight the prevalence of such study, the varied reasons for undertaking it (consumption, career development, job and home disruption), and investigate whether it is socially valuable. Our more detailed estimates of the labour market return to adult education (wage rates, employment, hours of work and occupational status) confirm previous studies that generally found such returns to be small and isolated. We contribute to this literature by also estimating the effect of adult education on job satisfaction and satisfaction with employment opportunities. Increases in satisfaction help rationalise the education enrolment decisions of these adults

The Determinants of Graduate Over-Education.

Several studies for the UK and other countries have shown that a significant number of university graduates are in jobs that do not require a university degree i.e., over-educated. This paper using data from one large civic university in the UK investigates the true incidence and determinants of over-education. The results indicate that previous studies have largely over-stated the extent of over-education in the graduate labour market. Various labour market constraints as well as the vocational orientation of educational qualification were shown to be among most important factors that influence graduate placement

The determinants of graduate over-education

Several studies for the UK and other countries have shown that a significant number of university graduates are in jobs that do not require a university degree i.e., over-educated. This paper using data from one large civic university in the UK investigates the true incidence and determinants of over-education. The results indicate that previous studies have largely over-stated the extent of over-education in the graduate labour market. Various labour market constraints as well as the vocational orientation of educational qualification were shown to be among most important factors that influence graduate placement

The effect of schooling on teenage childbearing: evidence using changes in compulsory education laws

Education, Childbearing, Endogeneity bias, I21,