45 research outputs found

    Quantum Simulation of Open Quantum Systems Using Density-Matrix Purification

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    Electronic structure and transport in realistically-sized systems often require an open quantum system (OQS) treatment, where the system is defined in the context of an environment. As OQS evolution is non-unitary, implementation on quantum computers -- limited to unitary operations -- is challenging. We present a general framework for OQSs where the system's d×dd \times d density matrix is recast as a d2d^{2} wavefunction which can be evolved by unitary transformations. This theory has two significant advantages over conventional approaches: (i) the wavefunction requires only an nn-qubit, compared to 2n2n-qubit, bath for an nn-qubit system and (ii) the purification includes dynamics of any pure-state universe. We demonstrate this method on a two-level system in a zero temperature amplitude damping channel and a two-site quantum Ising model. Quantum simulation and experimental-device results agree with classical calculations, showing promise in simulating non-unitary operations on NISQ quantum devices

    Intraocular lenses in age-related macular degeneration

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    Purpose: The aim of this work is to review the lenses, assessing their advantages and disadvantages. We describe a total of seven types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) recommended for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We used the PubMed web platform to search for implantable devices in various stages of AMD. We searched for both prospective and retrospective studies and also case reports. Results: Clinical results in AMD patients have been described for a total of seven types of IOLs recommended for AMD: an implantable miniature telescope (IMT), IOL-VIP System, Lipshitz macular implant (LMI), sulcus-implanted Lipshitz macular implant, LMI-SI, Fresnel Prism Intraocular Lens, iolAMD and Scharioth Macula Lens. Conclusions: We conclude that to objectively ascertain the effectiveness and safety of these lenses, further independent clinical studies with longer follow-up data are necessary prior to the general use of these optical devices

    Ökonomische Betrachtungen bei der Einführung neuer Anästhesieformen

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    Stellenwert des Antithrombin in der Verbrauchskoagulopathie

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    Stellenwert des Antithrombin in der Verbrauchskoagulopathie

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