The Relationship between Prostate Cancer and Metformin Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer in men worldwide and after lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostate cancer and metformin consumption in men. METHOD: The current study is a systematic and meta-analysis review based on the PRISMA statement. To access the studies of domestic and foreign databases, Iran Medex, SID, Magiran, Iran Doc, Medlib, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine were searched during the 2009-2018 period for related keywords. In order to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies, Q test and I2 indicator were used. The data were analyzed using the STATA 15.1 software. RESULTS: In 11 studies with a sample size of 877058, the odds ratio of metformin consumption for reducing prostate cancer was estimated 0.89 (95%CI: 0.67-1.17). Meta-regression also showed there was no significant relationship between the odds ratio and the publication year of the study. However, there was a significant relationship between the odds ratio and the number of research samples. CONCLUSION: Using metformin in men reduces the risk of prostate cancer but it is not statistically significant

The evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence in iran: A metaanalysis and systematic review

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common psychiatric disorder after phobia, addiction and depression. There is not yet a comprehensive assessment of OCD prevalence in Iran; thus, in this meta-analysis study, it is tried to obtain a review of OCD frequency. To conduct a systematic literature review, keywords used for searching in databases include “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder” and “Iran”. The designated international and domestic databases are Scopus, ISI, Google Scholar, PubMed and Medlib, Iran medex, Magiran, Sid, respectively. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis method (random effects model). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2. The data evaluation was handled by STATA software package Ver.11 and different questioners were applied. In 15 examined articles with 1484 sample size, the prevalence of OCD in Iran was estimated 21.57 (CI: 95;14.15-28.99). In addition, the prevalence forrumination, obsessive-compulsive, checking obsession, washing obsession, and obsessives lowness were 70.06, 64.55, 41.81, 11.9 and 2.49,respectively. Theprevalence for severe, moderate and mild obsessive-compulsive disorder in Iran was 13, 25 and 9 respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of OCD in Iran is higher than other countries. It is suggested that comprehensive prevalence surveys as well as etiological factors in Iran to be evaluated to gain a better resolution of this complex disease in this country. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

The Relationship Between Religious Attitudes, Fear of Death and Dying with General Health Condition: A Survey in College Students

This study aims to assess the relationship between religious attitudes of Ilam universities students (west of Iran), their perspectives about the fear of self and other's death and dying, with their general health. This paper is an analytic survey in which 351 college students, who were selected by multistage sampling, participated. To measure interested variables, Persian format of standardized self-administered questionnaires was employed. Religious attitudes with odds ratio (OR) of 0.94 (95 CI 0.91-0.97) and fear of self dying with 0.88 (95 CI 0.81-0.96) were identified as a protective factors against the inappropriate general health condition. However, the fear of other's death (OR 1.16; 95 CI 1.05-1.28) was identified as a risk factor. This study showed that people who had more religious attitudes and fear of self dying had better general health as well as the fear of other's death had a significant direct relationship with inappropriate general health condition

A study of prevalence of anxiety in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objective: Anxiety is defined as an unknown or uncertain factor which causes distress of mind and sense of danger regarding various diseases including heart palpitation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of anxiety in Iran through meta-analysis technique. Materials and methods: We searched international online databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ISI and Google Scholar and national online databases such as Magiran, Iranmedex, SID and Medlib for certain standard keywords including prevalence, anxiety, stress and Iran. The data were analyzed using meta-analysis technique (random effects model). Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by I2 index. The data were analyzed with STATA Ver.11 software. Results: 81 articles were investigated with a sample size of 23455 people from 1993 to 2016. Prevalence of anxiety in Iran was 42 (36 in women and 27 in men). Prevalence of mild, moderate, intense and highly intense anxiety in Iran was 31, 37, 19 and 2, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of depression was 44, prevalence of stress was 40, prevalence of overt anxiety was 21 and prevalence of covert anxiety was 24. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of anxiety and as a result stress and depression in the population of Iran, new strategies are necessary to deal with this issue considering different strata and age groups

Quality of life in heart patients in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis method

It is predicted that approximately 25 million deaths will occur due to cardiovascular disease per year 2010. Since this disease affects people's quality of life, The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of life of cardiac patients in Iran using Meta-Analysis method. The search was done using keywords of Quality of Life, Cardiac, Iran in the foreign databases of Pub, Scopus, med, ISI, Google Scholar and native databases such as Sid, Medlib, Iran medex, Magiran. The data was analyzed using Meta-Analysis (Random Effects Model). The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I2 index. Data was analyzed using STATA Ver.11 software. SF-36 questionnaires were used in the investigated studies. Among the 13 attempted studies with the sample size of 1581 people done through 2003 to 2015, the average quality of life of cardiac patients was 42.09 (Confidence interval 95: 19.90 to 64.29). the mean score of quality of life of heart patients is 45/64 from social dimension, 43/46 from physical dimension, 48/24 from mental dimension, and 51/54 from vitality dimension. Also, the prevalence of excellent, fair and bad quality of life among the cardiac patients was 28, 52, and 22. The quality of life of cardiac patients is moderate

Prevalence of depression among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Introduction. Depression is one of the four major diseases in the world and is the most common cause of disability from diseases. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depression among Iranian university students using meta-analysis method. Materials and Methods. Keyword depression was searched in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MAGIran, Medlib, and SID. Data was analyzed using meta-analysis (random-effects model). Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I 2 index. Data was analyzed using STATA software Ver.10. Results. In 35 studies conducted in Iran from 1995 to 2012 with sample size of 9743, prevalence of depression in the university students was estimated to be 33 (95 CI: 32-34). The prevalence of depression among boys was estimated to be 28 (95 CI: 26-30), among girls 23 (95 CI: 22-24), single students 39 (95 CI: 37-41), and married students 20 (95 CI: 17-24). Metaregression model showed that the trend of depression among Iranian students was flat. Conclusions. On the whole, depression is common in university students with no preponderance between males and females and in single students is higher than married ones. © 2013 Diana Sarokhani et al

Prevalence of Obesity in Iranian Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background of the Study: Childhood obesity, in addition to the likelihood of its continuation in adulthood, is associated with an increase in mortality and various diseases. Purpose of the Study: This meta-analytic study aimed at determining the prevalence of obesity among Iranian children. Methodology: Two researchers independently searched national and international databases using MeSH, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, and the Google Scholar search engine. The heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the P index. Data were analyzed using STATA software. This study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Results: Among 93 studies with a sample size of 3,845,768, the prevalence of obesity in Iranian children was 7 (girls 8 and boys 10), and the prevalence of overweight was 12 (girls 17 and boys 15). The incidence rate of obesity in children was 13 based on US centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) 2000 reference, 11 on international obesity task force (IOTF) reference, 9 on World Health Organization reference, 9 on Iranian reference, 5 on CDC reference, and 3 on national center for health statistics (NCI IS) reference. Meta-regression diagram also showed that the prevalence of obesity in children was not dependent on sample size. However, the prevalence of obesity declined during the years 1999-2016, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in Iranian children was less than of their overweight. On the other hand, the prevalence of childhood obesity in girls was lower than that of boys, and the prevalence of child overweight among girls was higher than that of boys

The Prevalence of Sleep Apnea in Iran: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder which is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and stroke. Different studies conducted in Iran have reported different prevalence for sleep apnea. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep apnea in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 42 studies that have been published in Farsi and English languages were selected with no time limit up to the March of 2018. Article search was conducted using "prevalence", "frequency", "sleep apnea" and "obstructive sleep apnea" keywords in Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus databases. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and random effect model methods. Heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using I(2) test. Data were analyzed using Stata software version 11.2. Results: The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 44 (95 CI: 35 to 53). The highest prevalence of sleep apnea distinguished by the disease belonged to patients with sleep disorders (74, 95 CI: 66-82), diabetes mellitus (61; 95 CI: 46-76) and cardiovascular disease (55; 95 CI: 47-63). Conclusion: Given high prevalence of sleep apnea in Iran, identifying people at risk and providing instructional materials for controlling and treating sleep apnea is necessary

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Obesity and overweight are among the most common and serious health issues in many countries, leading to numerous medical consequences such as heart disease, hypertension, fatty liver etc. This review article addressed the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students by using meta-analysis. Methods: A number of domestic and international databases were searched, including IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Scopus, PubMed, IranDoc, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible publications were 160 articles that addressed the prevalence of obesity or overweight. Data were combined using random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by Q statistics and the I-2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.1. Results: In the 160 reviewed studies, a total of 481,070 individuals (6-20 years) were included. The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students based on body mass index (BMI) was 11 (95 confidence interval CI: 10%-12%) (in girls 8% 95% CI: 7%-10% and in boys 11% 95% CI: 10%-13%). The prevalence of overweight in students based on BMI was 12% (95% CI: 12%-13%) (in girls 13% 95% CI: 11%-14% and in boys 11% 95% CI: 18%-30%). The rate of obesity was 13% (95% CI: 11%-16%) in elementary school students, 10% (95% CI: 7%-14%) in secondary school students and 7% (95% CI: 6%-9%) in high school students. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of overweight was more than that of obesity with a 1% difference. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while the prevalence of overweight was higher in girls. The prevalence of obesity was higher in primary school students than in secondary school students. This prevalence was higher in secondary school students than in high school students

Prevalence of bedsore in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and purpose: Pressure ulcer is known as the third most costly disorder following cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Until now no exact estimate has been reported on the prevalence of bedsores in Iran. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bedsores in Iran using meta-analysis. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted in some databases such as Pub med, Scopus, ISI, Google Scholar, Sid, Medlib, Iran medex, and Magiran and articles published/presented in 1998 to 2014 were selected. The search keywords included pressure ulcer, bedsore, and Iran. The data was analyzed using Meta-Analysis (Random Effects Model). The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I2 index. Data was analyzed using STATA Ver.11. Results: According to 14 studies (sample size= 5973 people), the prevalence of bedsores in Iran was found to be 19 (Confidence interval 95: 13 to 25). The prevalence of first, second and third degree bedsores was 38, 41, and 9, respectively. The most common site of bedsore was sacrum (54) and the prevalence of bedsores among brain disease, motor impairment and coma patients was 25, 19 and 46, respectively. Conclusion: High prevalence of grade 1 and 2 bedsores were detected in this review, so special protocols are needed to decrease the prevalence of bedsore. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved