Genotyping of HLA-class-I and II by PCR-SSP of Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common condition characterised by recurrent episodes of oral ulceration. Genetic factors have been implicated by numerous studies on the association of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the genetically determined HLA subtypes. Objectives: Current study was established to shed light on the possible association of HLA class I and II alleles with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Iraqi patients. Subjects and Methods: The study included 55 subjects: 30 recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients and 25 apparently healthy subjects as control. Polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers (PCR- SSP) assay was conducted to assess HLA- typing. Results: The present study showed a significant association of HLA-Cw*12:02:01-and HLADQB1* 02:01:01- alleles with recurrent aphthous stomatitis as compared with healthy control (P= 0.041and P=0.028 respectively). Another interesting finding in this study was the significant low frequency of HLA-DQB1*05:01:01- allele in patients when compared with healthy control (P=0.036). Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that HLA-Cw*12:02:01- and HLA-DQB1*02:01:01-alleles may play a role in the etiology of the disease. Whereas HLA-DQB1*05:01:01-05 may confer protective effects against recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Young People and Development: The Role of Global Youth Work in Engagement and Learning

In this chapter I will outline the definitions and principles of what is known as global youth work and relate this to learning and development in the wider youth work sector. 1 will also look at how global youth work has been interpreted and what makes it distinctive, in terms of its approach, agenda and intended outcomes; be it young people’s personal, social and political development or awareness of global development issues. Historically many local government youth services and voluntary and community sector organisations in the UK and Ireland have explored global issues with young people through international work, including youth exchanges, links and intercultural learning as distinct curriculum areas. However this work has always been constrained by the limited funding available and a lack of understanding of the value of this work as a core activity at a strategic level within the youth work and development education (DE) sectors and government departments. This chapter will identify some of the perceived differences between global youth work and school-based development education in regard to aims and methodology, in particular youth work’s principle of ‘Voluntarism’ and a desire to be ‘action focused’ involving the active participation of young people in curriculum design and delivery

Scalable. Ad Hoc, Low Cost, Mobile, Online Laboratories

The IEEE Educational Society has sponsored the development of IEEE-SA P1876™ standard for Networked Smart Learning Objects for Online Laboratories. This paper proposes two different architectures that integrate components to support educational online laboratories, through the use of xAPI statements to communicate between Remote Laboratory Management Systems, Virtual Learning Environments and Learning Analytics Generators. Proof of concept implementations of three scalable, ad hoc, low-cost, mobile, online laboratories that utilize the proposed distributed and centralized architectures are described, one fully integrated to an Actionable Data Book. The next steps would be to implement Mobile Massive Open Online Laboratories (M-MOOLs) within the context of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), using the P1876™ standard under development. © 2018 IEEE

A General Framework for Web Services and Grid-Based Technologies for Online Laboratories

The combination of Web Services and grid-computing technologies is currently of a major scientific revolution. It combines the middleware solution from Web Services and resource-sharing solutions of grid computing. We present a general framework based on Web Services and grid-based technologies for online laboratories. It is a distributed system model where computational resources and experimental devices throughout the networks are organized into federations. The benefits of this model are information processing capacity increase and resource sharing. We discuss a number of technical considerations using this framework. These include: the descriptions of tele-experimentation resources; the wrapping of instruments into a web service; the composition of Web Services, which is modeled as a planning problem, and; the design of an online laboratory brokerage system, which we dealt with in a former article. We also discuss some issues related to business logic and policy in a particular sector, such as tele-learning and network-supported research via information technologies.La combinaison des services Web et de la technologie des grilles de calcul constitue actuellement une r\ue9volution scientifique majeure. Elle int\ue8gre dans une solution m\ue9diatrice les services Web et les solutions de partage des ressources des grilles de calcul. Nous pr\ue9sentons ici un cadre g\ue9n\ue9ral bas\ue9 sur les services Web et les technologies \ue0 base de grilles de calcul pour les laboratoires en ligne. Il s'agit d'un mod\ue8le de syst\ue8me distribu\ue9 dans lequel les ressources de calcul et les dispositifs exp\ue9rimentaux dans un certain nombre de r\ue9seaux sont organis\ue9s en f\ue9d\ue9rations. Les avantages de ce mod\ue8le : une augmentation de la capacit\ue9 de traitement et un meilleur partage des ressources. Nous examinons au moyen de ce cadre un certain nombre de consid\ue9rations techniques, notamment : les descriptions des ressources de t\ue9l\ue9 exp\ue9rimentation; l'encapsulage des instruments dans un service Web; la composition des services Web, qui est mod\ue9lis\ue9e sous la forme d'un probl\ue8me de planification; et la conception d'un syst\ue8me agent de laboratoire en ligne, dont nous avons trait\ue9 dans un article ant\ue9rieur. Nous examinons \ue9galement un certain nombre de probl\ue8mes reli\ue9s \ue0 la politique et \ue0 la logique m\ue9tier dans un secteur particulier, notamment l'apprentissage \ue0 distance et les recherches en r\ue9seau gr\ue2ce aux technologies de l'information.NRC publication: Ye