Water scarcity and managing seasonal water crisis: lessons from the Kirindi Oya Project in Sri Lanka

Irrigation management / Water management / Irrigation programs / Irrigated farming / Rain / Crop production / Crop yield / Rice / Case studies / River basins / Catchment areas / Irrigation scheduling / Water allocation / Water use efficiency / Water scarcity / Water shortage / Water demand / Reservoirs / Flow / Farmer participation / Farmer-agency interactions / Farmers' associations / Seasonal variation / Water distribution / Sri Lanka / Kirindi Oya / Ellegala / Lunugamwehera Reservoir

Land and water productivity of wheat in the Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India and Pakistan: a comparative analysis

Wheat / Crop yield / Productivity / Climate / Irrigation canals / Watercourses / Water distribution / Water allocation / Policy / India / Pakistan / Gangetic Plains / Kaithal Irrigation Circle / Bhakra Canal / Chaj Sub-Basin / Lower Jehlum Canal

Performance evaluation of the Bhakra Irrigation System, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Irrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Irrigation scheduling / Performance evaluation / Remote sensing / GIS / Irrigated farming / Satellite surveys / Sustainable agriculture / Productivity / Groundwater / Salinity / Crop yield / Wheat / Surface irrigation / India / Bhakra Irrigation System

Alternate wet/dry irrigation in rice cultivation: a practical way to save water and control malaria and Japanese encephalitis?

Water management / Water scarcity / Water use efficiency / Water conservation / Irrigated farming / Waterborne diseases / Rice / Malaria / Disease vectors / Productivity / Flood irrigation / Environmental control / Climate / China / East Africa / India / Indonesia / Japan / Philippines / Portugal / USA

Financial Efficacy of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks in India

The banks in India have over 67,000 branches located across the country. All these are classified into two major categories, nonscheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks includes commercial banks and the co-operative banks. The public sector banks are accountable for more than 78 percent of total banking industry in India. Even though private sector banks came later into the market, due to their customer servicing and easy banking features they are also competing equally with already existing public sector banks. so it is very essential to analyze how their financial performance is influenced by number of factors which willfurther suggest them where they need to concentrate more. in this article we have analyzed the correlation between return on total assets and other financial variables of selected private and public banks in India

The Impacts of Occupational Stress of Selected Banking Sector Employees in Tamilnadu

Stress Management is getting more and more attention now-a-days, particularly in the financial sectors. There is no such thing like stress- free job. Everyone in their work is exposed to tension and anxiety as they gets through the duties assigned to them. Banking industry which is the backbone of the country’s economy is not an exceptional one. The job nature of banking employees is very tedious as it involves the direct customer interaction in all levels. So this study aims to analyse the level of stress faced by bank employees who are under different categories from both public and private sectors of selected banks which resides in Tamilnadu

In Silico

To identify the ligand that binds to a target protein with high affinity is a nontrivial task in computer-assisted approaches. Antiviral drugs have been identified for NS2B/NS3 protease enzyme on the mechanism to cleave the viral protein using the computational tools. The consequence of the molecular docking, free energy calculations, and simulation protocols explores the better ligand. It provides in-depth structural insights with the catalytic triad of His51, Asp75, Ser135, and Gly133. The MD simulation was employed here to predict the stability of the complex. The alanine mutation has been performed and its stability was monitored by using the molecular dynamics simulation. The minimal RMSD value suggests that the derived complexes are close to equilibrium. The DFT outcome reveals that the HOMO-LUMO gap of Ligand19 is 2.86 kcal/mol. Among the considered ligands, Ligand19 shows the lowest gap and it is suggested that the HOMO of Ligand19 may transfer the electrons to the LUMO in the active regions. The calculated binding energy of Ligand19 using the DFT method is in good agreement with the docking studies. The pharmacological activity of ligand was performed and satisfies Lipinski rule of 5. Moreover, the computational results are compared with the available IC50 values of experimental results

Colloid transport through soil and other porous media under transient flow conditions—A review

Understanding colloid transport in porous media under transient-flow conditions is crucial in understanding contaminant transport in soil or the vadose zone where flow conditions vary constantly. In this article, we provide a review of experimental studies, numerical approaches, and new technologies available to determine the transport of colloids in transient flow. Experiments indicate that soil structure and preferential flow are primary factors. In undisturbed soils with preferential flow pathways, macropores serve as main conduits for colloid transport. In homogeneously packed soil, the soil matrix often serves as filter. At the macroscale, transient flow facilitates colloid transport by frequently disturbing the force balance that retains colloids in the soil as indicated by the offset between colloid breakthrough peaks and discharge peaks. At the pore-scale and under saturated condition, straining, and attachment at solid–water interfaces are the main mechanisms for colloid retention. Variably saturated conditions add more complexity, such as immobile water zones, film straining, attachment to air–water interfaces, and air–water–solid contact lines. Filter ripening, size exclusion, ionic strength, and hydrophobicity are identified as the most influential factors. Our review indicates that microscale and continuum-scale models for colloid transport under transient-flow conditions are rare, compared to the numerous steady-state models. The few transient flow models that do exist are highly parameterized and suffer from a lack of a priori information of required pore-scale parameters. However, new techniques are becoming available to measure colloid transport in real-time and in a nondestructive way that might help to better understand transient flow colloid transport. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Water Quality