DNA aneuploidy as a topographic malignant transformation pattern in a pleomorphic adenoma of long-term evolution: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>We present a case of long-term evolution of a submandibular pleomorphic adenoma. There is little information about topographic malignant transformation patterns of pleomorphic adenomas.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We extensively analyze a giant submandibular mixed tumor of 25-year evolution in a 57-year-old Caucasian woman. Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy was evaluated in different superficial and deep areas using flow cytometry analysis and correlated with pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Superficial areas exhibited a typical histological pleomorphic adenoma pattern and were deoxyribonucleic acid diploid. Deep samples showed deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy, atypical histological benign features and expression of markers involved at an early-stage of malignant transformation, such as tumor protein 53 and antigen Ki67.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings revealed that deep tumor compartments may be involved in the initial stages of malignant transformation. Deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis may provide an additional diagnosis tool and indicate 'uncertain' areas that require careful study to avoid diagnostic errors. Larger studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate the usefulness of the technique.</p

Nuclear morphometry in epidermal changes due to electrical current and thermal energy: Trial for usage of image analysis in histological sections

PubMed ID: 20508490Distinguishing between injuries resulted from electrical current versus thermal energy is not only a difficult, but also a controversial issue in forensic medicine practice.In this study, an electrical current and a cautery were applied to dorsal skins of 10 rats and biopsies were taken from the injured sites as well as normal skin. In the histologic sections; some planimetric variables such as the perimeter, area, diameter equivalent circle, minimum feret, maximum feret, and the circular form factor of the nuclei located in normal and injured epidermis were measured with the aid of the computer-assisted image analysis.When compared with normal skin, all of the variables -nuclear area, perimeter, diameter equivalent circle, minimum feret, maximum feret, and circular form factor seemed to be decreased both in the electrical current- and cautery-applied skin samples.The differences between the variables measured in normal skin and in electrical- or cautery-applied skin samples were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However none of the variables showed any meaningful differences between the electrical- and cautery-applied areas.It was concluded that the nuclear changes due to electrical current and thermal injury are identical and morphometric analysis seems not to make any further contributions in the differentiating from each other. Therefore, conventional and more established methods for detection of metallization would be more effective. Copyright © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

A case of adult acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia presented with hemophagocytic syndrome

[No abstract available

Promoted regeneration of transected facial nerve branches using mesenchymal stromal cells in relationship with apoptosis: 9-month results

Objective: Our purpose is to investigate 9-month results of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application on the anastomosed nerve and to make a comparison of nerve regeneration between anastomosis+MSCs application and anastomosis only. Additionally, an association was sought between histologic outcome and level of apoptotic activity at 9th month. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three rats. The right buccal branch was anastomosed with sutures following complete transection, and the anastomosis site was treated with homologous MSCs. The right marginal mandibular branch was left intact, but it was in contact with MSCs. The left buccal branch was transected and anastomosed in a similar manner except for MSCs application. The left side marginal mandibular branch was left intact. At month 9, the surgical field was re-explored. Two nerve samples from four facial nerve branches, each 0.5 mm in length, were taken from distal to the anastomosis site, one for apoptosis and the other for histologic examination. Apoptosis was investigated and scored in two rats using TUNEL assay. Results: The histologic examination displayed regularly spaced axons with myelin sheath of appropriate thickness in intact nerve segments and nerve segments in contact with MSCs. Samples from those nerves anastomosed only and those anastomosed+MSCs treatment consisted of grouping axons in different size. These axons were enveloped by myelin sheath of some thickness. Quantitative measurements of axon diameter and myelin thickness compared favorably with those nerves anastomosed+ MSCs treatment versus anastomosed only. However, the difference between the two was not apparent as previous months. Intensity of apoptosis at month 9 was not found to correlate with histologic outcome, injury and use of MSCs. Conclusion: This 9-month study confirmed that use of MSCs in an anastomosed nerve promoted axonal regeneration and myelination. Apoptosis at month 9 does neither relate to histologic outcome nor use of MSC and previous injury. © The Mediterranean Society of Otology and Audiology

Protein profiling of anastomosed facial nerve treated with mesenchymal stromal cells

PubMed: 22268520Background aims. The types of proteins released from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are still unclear. Our aim was to compare apoptosis scores and the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), myelin basic protein (MBP), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-1,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1A, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-1/MMP-1A ratio, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4, glial cell-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-? and transforming growth factor (TGF)-?1 in anastomosed facial nerves that had been treated with or without MSC. Methods. In seven rats, the buccal branch of the right facial nerve was transected, anastomosed and treated with MSC (anastomosed + MSC group). The left buccal branch was anastomosed only (anastomosed-only group). The left mandibular branch served as an intact nerve group. On days 1820, the distal segments of the branches were examined in terms of expression of the mentioned proteins and apoptosis scores using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Results. MSC application significantly increased CNTF, PDGF-?, LIF, TGF-?1, BDNF and NT-3 expression (P 0.05). Changes in other proteins and apoptosis scores were not significant. Conclusions. These results suggest that MSC increases expression of CNTF, PDGF-?, LIF,TGF-?1, BDNF and NT-3. MAG, NCAM-1, MMP-1A and FGF-2 expressions were slightly changed in this stage of nerve regeneration. The comparison of apoptotic activity was not conclusive. Overall, it appears that MSC might have differential effects on the mentioned tissue-related proteins and trophic/growth factors. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.The authors should thank Meral SARPER, MSc, and Pinar ELCI, MSc, from the Cancer Research Center and Medical Research Center of Gulhane Military Medical Academy for preparing stem cells. The authors are grateful to Tayfun Ide, Veterinary Surgeon, Manager of the Surgical Research Section, for providing maintenance of the animals. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest. The authors are grateful to the Research and Development Center/Gulhane Military Medical Academy (Ankara/Turkiye) that funded the research