Pluralismo y partidos en la Cámara de Diputados Nacional

Esta ponencia se encuadra en el campo del análisis institucional y sociológico de las organizaciones legislativas (denominadas formalmente, según el léxico del lugar, "Congresos" o "Parlamentos"). El tema de esta investigación son las Sesiones Preparatorias en las que se eligen el Presidente y los Vicepresidentes de la Cámara Diputados de la Nación, período 1984-2014. La elección de aquellas obedece un consenso entre los dos principales partidos con representación en dicha cámara: el radicalismo y el peronismo. Hasta la primera mitad de la década de 1990, dicho consenso reflejaba un cierto equilibrio "bipartidista", para después pasar a un (des)equilibrio "multipartidista" con la irrupción en el escenario político y electoral con los terceros partidos (FREPASO, CC-ARI, Peronismo Federal, etc.). Esto comportó una creciente tensión entre las dos dimensiones relevantes que subyacen el proceso político en la Cámara de Diputados: la representativa y la mayoritaria. La primera es inseparable del pluralismo político que caracteriza la cámara (en donde ningún bloque o grupo político alcanza por si solo la mayoría absoluta), y por ende, de la necesidad de articular consensos inter-partidarios. La segunda está ligada al requisito normativo de mayoría absoluta para activar determinados procedimientos parlamentarios (quórum, aprobar los proyectos, etc.) que dificultan la articulación de las coaliciones inter- partidaria

Pluralismo y partidos en la Cámara de Diputados Nacional

Esta ponencia se encuadra en el campo del análisis institucional y sociológico de las organizaciones legislativas (denominadas formalmente, según el léxico del lugar, “Congresos” o “Parlamentos”). El tema de esta investigación son las Sesiones Preparatorias en las que se eligen el Presidente y los Vicepresidentes de la Cámara Diputados de la Nación, período 1984-2014. La elección de aquellas obedece un consenso entre los dos principales partidos con representación en dicha cámara: el radicalismo y el peronismo. Hasta la primera mitad de la década de 1990, dicho consenso reflejaba un cierto equilibrio “bipartidista”, para después pasar a un (des)equilibrio “multipartidista” con la irrupción en el escenario político y electoral con los terceros partidos (FREPASO, CC-ARI, Peronismo Federal, etc.). Esto comportó una creciente tensión entre las dos dimensiones relevantes que subyacen el proceso político en la Cámara de Diputados: la representativa y la mayoritaria. La primera es inseparable del pluralismo político que caracteriza la cámara (en donde ningún bloque o grupo político alcanza por si solo la mayoría absoluta), y por ende, de la necesidad de articular consensos inter-partidarios. La segunda está ligada al requisito normativo de mayoría absoluta para activar determinados procedimientos parlamentarios (quórum, aprobar los proyectos, etc.) que dificultan la articulación de las coaliciones interpartidarias.Mesa 22: Partidos y sistemas de partidos. Los partidos políticos, el sistema político y la sociedad contemporánea.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Establishing the tolerability and performance of tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) in treating dry eye syndrome: results of a clinical study

BACKGROUND: One of the problems arising from available preparations for dry eye syndrome is the limited residence time of products on the ocular surface. In this paper, we look at an innovative new treatment for dry eye, tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP). TSP possesses mucomimetic, mucoadhesive and pseudoplastic properties. The 'mucin-like' molecular structure of TSP is similar to corneal and conjunctival mucin 1 (MUC1), a transmembrane glycoprotein thought to play an essential role in protecting and wetting the corneal surface and may explain its increased retention on the eye surface. METHODS: The activity of TSP and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of dry eye syndrome was compared in an open-label, randomised, single-centre clinical study. Thirty patients were randomised to receive three or more applications per day of either TSP 0.5%, TSP 1% or HA 0.2% (Hyalistil™) over a period of 90 days. The primary objective of tolerability was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), scoring of specific symptoms and the incidence of adverse events. Secondary objectives included improvement in stability of the precorneal tear film, subjective symptoms and corneal and conjunctival staining. RESULTS: TSP 0.5% and 1% were comparable to HA 0.2% with regard to both primary and secondary objective parameters. TSP 1% showed benefits over HA 0.2% for the subjective symptoms; trouble blinking, ocular burning and foreign body sensation. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that TSP 0.5% and 1% offer at least equivalent relief to HA 0.2% for dry eye syndrome. All treatments demonstrated optimal tolerability and are suitable for frequent use in the therapy of dry eye. TSP 1% produced promising results in terms of improvements in certain patient symptoms and suggests benefits of the TSP formulation. This study paves the way for a larger study to further establish the performance and safety of TSP compared with HA and highlights the need to expand this therapeutic agent to a wider dry eye population

Sustain-Release of Various Drugs from Leucaena Leucocephala Polysaccharide

This study examines the sustained release behavior of both water-soluble (acetaminophen, caffeine, theophylline and salicylic acid) and water-insoluble (indomethacin) drugs from Leucaena leucocephala seed Gum isolated from Leucaena leucocephala kernel powder. It further investigates the effect of incorporation of diluents like microcrystalline cellulose and lactose on release of caffeine and partial cross-linking of the gum (polysaccharide) on release of acetaminophen. Applying exponential equation, the mechanism of release of soluble drugs was found to be anomalous. The insoluble drug showed near case II or zero-order release mechanism. The rate of release was in the decreasing order of caffeine, acetaminophen, theophylline, salicylic acid and indomethacin. An increase in release kinetics of drug was observed on blending with diluents. However, the rate of release varied with type and amount of blend in the matrix. The mechanism of release due to effect of diluents was found to be anomalous. The rate of release of drug decreased on partial cross-linking and the mechanism of release was found to be super case II

Comida chatarra, Estado y mercado

El objetivo fundamental de esta colección es un llamado a la reflexión y a la toma de conciencia por parte de todos los involucrados –padres de familia, educadores, directivos de empresa, líderes políticos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, entre otros– sobre los peligros y las graves consecuencias derivadas del creciente sobrepeso y de la obesidad en nuestra sociedad, sin descuidar la otra cara de la moneda que es la desnutrición crónica infantil. En segundo lugar, se busca provocar la reflexión y el debate sobre el rol del Estado, el mercado, las empresas (tanto la industria de alimentos como las agencias de publicidad), la sociedad civil y las familias, en la provocación o prevención de esta epidemia. Finalmente, buscamos plantear diversas soluciones para este problema antes de que sea demasiado tarde

Translation and initial validation of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) in Italian patients with Crohn's Disease

The MARS-5 (Medication Adherence Report Scale) was developed in English. The aim of this project was to analyse the MARS-5I (© Prof Rob Horne) psychometric properties and to identify whether its Italian translation is suitable for assessing medication adherence in Crohn Disease (CD) Italian patients. The MARS was translated and linguistically validated in Italian. The MARS-5I was used for evaluating medication adherence in the SOLE study, conducted in Italy on 552 subjects with CD. In order to un-bias the questionnaire results from the effects of treatment change and/or effectiveness, the analyses were performed on the 277 patients whose disease activity remained stable, selected among the 371 patients who maintained the same treatment between two consecutive visits. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha of 0.86). Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.50 (p < 0.001) and 0.86 (p < 0.001- outliers removed), indicating satisfactory test-retest. MARS 5I scores were not correlated with Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication but a small and statistically significant correlation was shown with physician-evaluated medication adherence, indicating convergent validity. MARS-5I, the Italian translation of the English MARS, showed satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest, and a low but statistically significant convergent validity. We confirmed the utility of this tool in patients with CD

Development of a transdermal patch for delivery of propafenone: preliminary studies in vitro

Propafenone, a well-known antiarrhythmic drug, has a low oral bioavailability due to extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism The present study was aimed at verifying, on a preliminary basis, feasibility of transdermal delivery of the drug. Propafenone is apparently unable to penetrate the skin in the absence of appropriate enhancers. Different prospective enhancers (terpenes, azone) for the drug hydrochloride and base were evaluated in vitro using hairless mouse skin. Propafenone hydrochloride and atone, the most favourable drug species and enhancer combination, were then incorporated into semisolid vehicles, designed to act as reservoirs in transdermal patches. The patches, with and without a microporous membrane and adhesive layer were then tested for transdermal release using the same in vitro model. Skin, not membrane permeation, was found to be the rate-limiting step in delivery from the final patches. These, after 5 to 6 h lag times, delivered propafenone hydrochloride at a constant rate (5.4 to 27.5 mu g/cm(2)/h) for over 48 h. Since the literature data on intravenous infusion of propafenone appear to indicate the need for higher rates, further research on more effective promoters and transdermal patches is in progres