Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Enoxacin Metal Complexes

The present work comprises the synthesis of enoxacin (Heno) complexes with various transition metals. Two types of complexes [M(eno)2(H2O)2]3H2O(M = CuII, NiII or MnII) and [M(eno)(H2O)2]Cl · 4H2O (M = FeIII) were obtained. The complexes were characterized by different physicochemical, spectroscopic, and elemental analysis. Results suggest that enoxacin interacts with the metals as a monoanionic bidentate ligand. These complexes were also tested for their antibacterial activity against eleven (11) different microorganisms, and the results were compared with the parent drug. Moreover all the metal complexes were also tested for their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species where by MnII and CuII complexes exhibited potential to mediate anti-inflammatory response

Biomonitoring of heavy metal contamination in Pongamia pinnata and Peltophorum pterocarpum growing in the polluted environment of Karachi, Pakistan

Determination of some of the important heavy metals like lead andcadmium was carried out in the city environment of Karachi. Foliageparts of two roadside trees, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merrill andPeltophorum pterocarpum D.C. Backer ex K. were used to carry outsuch investigation. Five roadside points were selected for the studyin different parts of the city. The investigations showed that highlevel of lead and cadmium was found in the foliage of P. pinnataand P. pterocarpum, which were growing along the busy roads of thecity. The level of Pb and Cd in the foliage of the above mentionedtrees was quite high at M.A. Jinnah road as compared to Shahrahe-Faisal, Nazimabad, Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Karachi UniversityCampus. Low traffic activities at the University Campus showedlowest lead and cadmium levels in the foliage of both tree speciesthan the other point of the city. In this study, P. pinnata showedmore accumulations of lead and cadmium than P. pterocarpum.This difference might be due to large surface area of the foliage inP. pinnata that is available for exposure to any pollutants as comparedto P. pterocarpum. P. pinnata is a useful plant species inremoving different heavy metals from the urban environment of thecity. It is therefore suggested, that P. pinnata should be given morepreference for future plantation in the areas, particularly along thebusy roads and highways

HPLC method development, validation and its application to investigate in vitro effect of pioglitazone on the availability of H1 receptor antagonists

The method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of pioglitazone and H1-receptor antagonists (fexofenadine, cetirizine and levocetirizine) in formulations and human serum. Utilizing HPLC techniques, an assay was designed to determine the in vitro effects of pioglitazone on H1-receptor antagonists. Obtained results were verified using the UV spectrophotometric technique. First-derivative values versus concentrations were used to plot calibration curves of these drugs and were found to similar with the HPLC data. The availability of pioglitazone remained unchanged in absence or presence of fexofenadine, cetirizine and levocetirizine. This in vitro analysis confirms the harmless co-administration of pioglitazone and H1-receptor antagonists, and can serve as the foundation for designing further in vivo studies

Copper(I) Complexes with Triphenylphosphine & Pyrazine

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Fabrication of nanoparticles within polymeric pores for controlled release of drug

Nanotechnology, a multidisciplinary scientific undertaking, involves creation and utilization of materials, devices or systems on the nanometer scale. The field has enabled the development of an amazing variety of methods for fabricating nanoparticles in recent years. The technology is expected to create innovations and play a critical role in the field of bio-pharmaceuticals especially in controlled release of drug delivery. Sol-gel technique is one of the most widely used techniques to fabricate porous nanoparticles within the polymer. Such nanoparticles have also applications in vascular drug delivery and release, site-specific targeting (passive as well as active targeting), as well as transfusion medicine. This article concentrates mainly on fabrication of porous nanoparticles, its characterisation and its use for controlled release of drug. It also encompasses the strategies that have been used to translate and fabricate a wide range of particulate carriers e.g., nanospheres, liposomes, micelles, oil-in-water emulsions, with prolonged circulation and/or target specificity. With regard to the targeting issues, attention is particularly focused on the importance of physiological barriers. we have also critically reviewed and assessed the fate and activity of biodegradable/bio-erodable polymeric drug delivery vehicles because the uniformity in degradation of these polymers is questionable