Single Arc Truncated Suspended Rectangular Microstrip Antenna

Today antenna designers are paying more focus on microstrip patch antennas, because of its numerous advantages in field of communication, such as high reliability, light weight, ease of fabrication etc. In this paper design of Single Arc Truncated Suspended Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (SATSRMSA) is presented which operates for dual bands. The substrate material of FR-4 with relative permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.0245 is used in th0is proposed antenna. The return loss and radiation pattern have been measured by using Vector Network Analyzer. The proposed antenna may find application in microwave communication systems operating in the frequency range of 3 to 16 GHz

Asrij Maintains the Stem Cell Niche and Controls Differentiation during Drosophila Lymph Gland Hematopoiesis

Several signaling pathways control blood cell (hemocyte) development in the Drosophila lymph gland. Mechanisms that modulate and integrate these signals are poorly understood. Here we report that mutation in a conserved endocytic protein Asrij affects signal transmission and causes aberrant lymph gland hematopoiesis. Mammalian Asrij (Ociad1) is expressed in stem cells of the blood vascular system and is implicated in several cancers. We found that Drosophila Asrij is a pan-hemocyte marker and localizes to a subset of endocytic vesicles. Loss of asrij causes hyperproliferation of lymph gland lobes coupled with increased hemocyte differentiation, thereby depleting the pool of quiescent hemocyte precursors. This co-relates with fewer Col+ cells in the hematopoietic stem cell niche of asrij mutants. Asrij null mutants also show excess specification of crystal cells that express the RUNX factor Lozenge (Lz), a target of Notch signaling. Asrij mutant lymph glands show increased N in sorting endosomes suggesting aberrant trafficking. In vitro assays also show impaired traffic of fluorescent probes in asrij null hemocytes. Taken together our data suggest a role for Asrij in causing increased Notch signaling thereby affecting hemocyte differentiation. Thus, conserved endocytic functions may control blood cell progenitor quiescence and differentiation

Detection of Diseases in Flora Through Leaf Image Classification by Convolution Neural Network

The quality of human existence and economic standing are significantly impacted by agriculture. It is the foundation of a nation's economic structure. Therefore, early diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial in both the agricultural sector and in people's daily life. Hunger and starvation are caused by agricultural losses due to plant diseases, especially in less developed nations where access to disease-controlling measures is limited and yearly losses of 30 to 50 percent for main crops are not unusual. Due to inadequate diagnosis of plant diseases, many plants die. Initially, diagnosis of plant disease was performed using MATLAB and machine learning algorithms including SVM. But these diagnoses did not provide accurate results. Also, in previous works website has not been created. To overcome this problem, a CNN model has been proposed that detects plant diseases. This CNN model has been deployed to the website. On this website, the image can be uploaded, and the disease gets predicted according to the image. The detected disease gets displayed on the website. To the CNN model, 15 cases have been fed, including both healthy and unhealthy leaves. The proposed model achieves a greater accuracy of more than 95%. This work offers a major benefit to the farmers by helping them in detecting plant diseases without requiring any special hardware or software

Relaxant effects of aqueous cold extracts of Carum copticum on smooth muscle

Background: The objective was to study the nature of relaxant effect of cold aqueous extracts of Carum copticum on rat alimentary tract and uterus.Methods: The aqueous cold extracts of Carum copticum (omum) whole seeds (OE1) or ground seeds (OE2) was prepared by leaving them (10g to 100mL) in distilled water for 4 hrs. Rat isolated tissues like stomach, duodenum, jejunum or uterus 4 cm pieces were mounted in a 20mL bath containing Tyrode solution or De Jalons at 37°C with continuous aeration. The effect of Carum copticum extracts and thymol on spontaneous activity of intestine and on acetylcholine (ACh), Histamine (H), Barium chloride (BaCl2) induced contractions or Adrenaline produced (Adr) relaxations were observed. Thymol content of omum was estimated by HPLC.Results: Omum extracts decreased or abolished spontaneous contractions of intestine but did not antagonize the contractions induced by ACh, H or relaxation induced by adrenaline. Thymol did not show any such effect. The stimulant action of BaCl2 was antagonized by aqueous cold extracts of omum similar to Papaverine.Conclusions: The relaxant effect of Carum copticum on rat intestine appears to be a direct effect on smooth muscle like papaverine

An Adaptive Technique for Crime Rate Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithms

Any country must give the investigation and preventive of crime top priority. There are a rising amount of cases that are still pending due to the rapid increase in criminal cases in India and elsewhere. It is proving difficult to classify and address the rising number of criminal cases. Understanding a place's trends in criminal activity is essential to preventing it from occurring. Crime-solving organisations will be more effective if they have a clear awareness of the patterns of criminal behavior that are present in a particular area. Women's safety and protection are of highest importance despite the serious and persistent problem of crime against them. This study offers predictions about the kinds of crimes that might occur in a particular location using ensemble methods. This facilitates the categorization of criminal proceedings and subsequent action in a timely manner. We are applying machine learning methods like KNN, Linear regression, SVM, Lasso, Decision tree and Random forest in order to assess the highest accuracy

Mismatch repair genes of eukaryotes

Mismatches that arise during replication or genetic recombination or owing to damage to DNA by chemical agents are recognized by mismatch repair systems. The pathway has been characterized in detail in Escherichia coll. Several homologues of the genes encoding the proteins of this pathway have been identified in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in human cells. Mutations in the human genes hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1 and hPMS2 have been linked to hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) and to some sporadic tumours. Mismatch repair also plays an antirecombinogenic role and is implicated in speciation

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on haematological and immunological parameters of Catla catla (Hamilton)

Effect of dietary supplementation of a Gram-positive, aerobic, probiotic bacterium Bacillus subtilis on the immunohaematological indices during pre- and post-challenge in Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla), was studied. The B. subtilis was administered orally at four different doses 1.0 × 106 (T1), 1.0 × 107 (T2), 1.0 × 108 (T3), and 1.0 × 109 (T4) cfu g−1 feed to C. catla for 90 days. The positive control (Cp) and negative control (Cn) were fed with feed without B. subtilis for the same period. On the 60th day, blood and serum were sampled to determine various haematological and serum parameters. Fish were challenged intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila after 60 days in all the treatment groups and Cp, while the Cn was challenged with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) only. Dietary supplementation of B. subtilis leads to the rise of various immunological and haematological parameters in catla during the pre- and post-challenge. During pre-challenge, the highest TEC (1.30 ± 0.02 × 106 cells mm−3), haemoglobin (7.43 ± 0.25 g %), total serum protein (3.89 ± 0.08 g dL−1), and serum lysozyme activity (8.39 ± 0.01 µg ml−1) were recorded in fishes fed feed containing B. subtilis at 1 × 109 cfu/g feed (T4). The highest survival percentage (86.33 %) was also observed in T4 group. The significantly increased survival percentage (P < 0.05) of B. subtilis-treated groups in comparison with control group (Cp) suggests that dietary supplementation of this probiotic bacterium can protect catla from A. hydrophila infection by enhancing innate immunity

Alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters of Catla catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin

A 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of LC50) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings. Under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. All the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin–globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethrin-exposed fishes. A marked increase was recorded in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in liver, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity of muscle and acetylcholine esterase activity in brain were inhibited in cypermethrin-exposed fish. The membrane transport enzymes (total adenosine triphosphatase, sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase and magnesium adenosine triphosphatase) activities were decreased significantly in the gills of C. catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin. The present study indicates that sub-lethal exposure of C. catla fingerlings to cypermethrin alters the haematological and biochemical parameters

Autonomous Multi-Rotor UAVs: A Holistic Approach to Design, Optimization, and Fabrication

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become pivotal in domains spanning military, agriculture, surveillance, and logistics, revolutionizing data collection and environmental interaction. With the advancement in drone technology, there is a compelling need to develop a holistic methodology for designing UAVs. This research focuses on establishing a procedure encompassing conceptual design, use of composite materials, weight optimization, stability analysis, avionics integration, advanced manufacturing, and incorporation of autonomous payload delivery through object detection models tailored to satisfy specific applications while maintaining cost efficiency. The study conducts a comparative assessment of potential composite materials and various quadcopter frame configurations. The novel features include a payload-dropping mechanism, a unibody arm fixture, and the utilization of carbon-fibre-balsa composites. A quadcopter is designed and analyzed using the proposed methodology, followed by its fabrication using additive manufacturing and vacuum bagging techniques. A computer vision-based deep learning model enables precise delivery of payloads by autonomously detecting targets

Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control and Lifestyle Factors in Young to Middle-Aged Adults with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

© 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel. Background: While progress in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been noted over the past several decades, there are still those who develop CVD earlier in life than others. Objective: We investigated traditional and lifestyle CVD risk factors in young to middle-aged patients compared to older ones with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with a new diagnosis of obstructive CAD undergoing coronary intervention was performed. Young to middle-aged patients were defined as those in the youngest quartile (n = 281, mean age 50 ± 6 years, 81% male) compared to the other three older quartiles combined (n = 799, mean age 69 ± 7.5 years, 71% male). Obstructive CAD was determined by angiography. Results: Young to middle-aged patients compared to older ones were more likely to be male (p \u3c 0.01), smokers (21 vs. 9%, p \u3c 0.001), and have a higher body mass index (31 ± 6 vs. 29 ± 6 kg/m2, p \u3c 0.001). Younger patients were less likely to eat fruits, vegetables, and fish and had fewer controlled CVD risk factors (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.0 ± 1.0, p \u3c 0.001). Compared to older patients, higher levels of psychological stress (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), financial stress (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.5), and low functional capacity (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 2.4-4.5) were noted in the young to middle-aged population as well. Conclusion: Lifestyle in addition to traditional CVD risk factors should be taken into account when evaluating risk for development of CVD in a younger population