PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AVIATION BIOFUELS IN UKRAINE

The modern environmental problems caused by the activity of aviation industry are figured out in the article. The main tendencies for transition to alternative jet fuels all over the world are described. Attention is paid to the policies of developed countries intended to the implementation of biofuels in aviation, and introduction of new standards for alternative jet fuels quality. Contemporary state of jet fuels production and use in Ukraine is discussed. Ukrainian experience in development of national policy for introduction of alternative jet fuels into civil aviation is described. The current problems, which are the barriers nowadays for jet biofuels implementation in Ukraine are presented in details. At the same time benefits that will be achieved in a result of biofuels application are emphasized.В статье рассмотрено современные экологические проблемы, которые связаны с деятельностью авиационной отрасли. Представлено основные мировые тенденции относительно перехода на альтернативные авиционные топлива. Уделено внимание политике развитых стран мира, которая направлена на внедрение биотоплив в авиацию, а также введению новых стандартов относительно качества авиационных топлив. В статье рассмотрено современное состояние производства и потребления топлив для воздушно-реактивных двигателей в Украине. Представлено опыт Украины в разработке национальной политики по внедрению альтернативных авиационных топлив в гражданскую авиацию. В статье детально раскрыто современные проблемы, которые на сегодняшний день являются преградой для внедрения альтернативных авиационных топлив в Украине. В тоже время акцентиовано внимание на преимуществах, которые будут достигнуты в результате применения биотоплив.У статті розглянуто сучасні екологічні проблеми, пов’язані з діяльністю авіаційної галузі. Описано основні світові тенденції щодо переходу на альтернативні авіаційні палива. Приділено увагу політиці розвинених країн світу, що спрямована на впровадження біопалив у авіацію, а також введенню нових стандартів щодо якості авіаційних палив. У статті висвітлено сучасний стан виробництва та споживання палив для повітряно-реактивних двигунів в Україні. Представлено досвід України у розробленні національної політики щодо впровадження альтернативних авіаційних палив у цивільну авіацію. У статті детально розкрито сучасні проблеми, що на даний час є перепоною до впровадження альтернативних авіаційних палив в Україні. В той же час наголошено на перевагах, що будуть досягнуті у майбутньому у результаті застосування біопалив

Management of Fluctuation of Financial and Economic Integrated Development of Innovative Enterprise

The main purpose of this article is to study the fluctuation management of financial and economic performance of innovative enterprises’ activity comprehensively in the context of their effective integrated development. The study found that achieving a high level of management of integrated enterprise development by fluctuation indicators, is possible when evaluating the effectiveness of functioning on the basis of a range of methods of improvement the quality management of integrated development of the enterprise on the fluctuation indicators, resource allocation in order to reduce the level of fluctuation of expectations in the process of integrated development between enterprise and stakeholders using a set of basic and additional features to ensure efficiency of the development management at a high level and corresponding changes in key indicators, as well as maintain the balance in the form of alternatives in the disturbing effects of internal and external environmental factors of the enterprise. The life cycle of fluctuation of key indicators of integrated development of the enterprise with separation of three zones of fluctuation of key indicators of integrated development are considered: synchronicity, pleziochrony, disintegration, as well as opposite fluctuations of key indicators, depending on their parity level (low, medium, high) and stages of the cycle. The sources of financing of innovative activity of industrial enterprises are analysed. The results of the conducted researches were used to construct the synchrony matrix of the processes of integrated development of innovative enterprises taking into consideration the fluctuation of key financial and economic indicators. It is determined that Ukraine has considerable potential for innovation activity, however, there are many problems arising in the way of activation and realization of innovative activity of domestic companies. It is established that the management of fluctuation of financial and economic indicators of the integrated development of innovative enterprises will help to increase the efficiency of their activity and to integrate the processes of development both within the company and beyond. The ways of solving the problems of integrated development of domestic innovative enterprises are suggested

Removal and Reconstitution of the Carotenoid Antenna of Xanthorhodopsin

Salinixanthin, a C40-carotenoid acyl glycoside, serves as a light-harvesting antenna in the retinal-based proton pump xanthorhodopsin of Salinibacter ruber. In the crystallographic structure of this protein, the conjugated chain of salinixanthin is located at the protein–lipid boundary and interacts with residues of helices E and F. Its ring, with a 4-keto group, is rotated relative to the plane of the π-system of the carotenoid polyene chain and immobilized in a binding site near the β-ionone retinal ring. We show here that the carotenoid can be removed by oxidation with ammonium persulfate, with little effect on the other chromophore, retinal. The characteristic CD bands attributed to bound salinixanthin are now absent. The kinetics of the photocycle is only slightly perturbed, showing a 1.5-fold decrease in the overall turnover rate. The carotenoid-free protein can be reconstituted with salinixanthin extracted from the cell membrane of S. ruber. Reconstitution is accompanied by restoration of the characteristic vibronic structure of the absorption spectrum of the antenna carotenoid, its chirality, and the excited-state energy transfer to the retinal. Minor modification of salinixanthin, by reducing the carbonyl C=O double bond in the ring to a C-OH, suppresses its binding to the protein and eliminates the antenna function. This indicates that the presence of the 4-keto group is critical for carotenoid binding and efficient energy transfer

Dual targeting of p53 and c-MYC selectively eliminates leukaemic stem cells

e Glasgow and Manchester Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres (ECMC), which are funded by CR-UK and the Chief Scientist’s Office (Scotland). We acknowledge the funders who have contributed to this work: MRC stratified medicine infrastructure award (A.D.W.), CR-UK C11074/A11008 (F.P., L.E.M.H., T.L.H., A.D.W.); LLR08071 (S.A.A., E.C.); LLR11017 (M.C.); SCD/04 (M.C.); LLR13035 (S.A.A., K.D., A.D.W., and A.P.); LLR14005 (M.T.S., D.V.); KKL690 (L.E.P.); KKL698 (P.B.); LLR08004 (A.D.W., A.P. and A.J.W.); MRC CiC (M.E.D.); The Howat Foundation (FACS support); Friends of Paul O’Gorman (K.D. and FACS support); ELF 67954 (S.A.A.); BSH start up fund (S.A.A.); MR/K014854/1 (K.D.)

Review on computational methods for Lyapunov functions

Lyapunov functions are an essential tool in the stability analysis of dynamical systems, both in theory and applications. They provide sufficient conditions for the stability of equilibria or more general invariant sets, as well as for their basin of attraction. The necessity, i.e. the existence of Lyapunov functions, has been studied in converse theorems, however, they do not provide a general method to compute them. Because of their importance in stability analysis, numerous computational construction methods have been developed within the Engineering, Informatics, and Mathematics community. They cover different types of systems such as ordinary differential equations, switched systems, non-smooth systems, discrete-time systems etc., and employ di_erent methods such as series expansion, linear programming, linear matrix inequalities, collocation methods, algebraic methods, set-theoretic methods, and many others. This review brings these different methods together. First, the different types of systems, where Lyapunov functions are used, are briefly discussed. In the main part, the computational methods are presented, ordered by the type of method used to construct a Lyapunov function

Algal Photosynthesis as the Primary Driver for a Sustainable Development in Energy, Feed, and Food Production

High oil prices and global warming that accompany the use of fossil fuels are an incentive to find alternative forms of energy supply. Photosynthetic biofuel production represents one of these since for this, one uses renewable resources. Sunlight is used for the conversion of water and CO2 into biomass. Two strategies are used in parallel: plant-based production via sugar fermentation into ethanol and biodiesel production through transesterification. Both, however, exacerbate other problems, including regional nutrient balancing and the world's food supply, and suffer from the modest efficiency of photosynthesis. Maximizing the efficiency of natural and engineered photosynthesis is therefore of utmost importance. Algal photosynthesis is the system of choice for this particularly for energy applications. Complete conversion of CO2 into biomass is not necessary for this. Innovative methods of synthetic biology allow one to combine photosynthetic and fermentative metabolism via the so-called Photanol approach to form biofuel directly from Calvin cycle intermediates through use of the naturally transformable cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Beyond providing transport energy and chemical feedstocks, photosynthesis will continue to be used for food and feed applications. Also for this application, arguments of efficiency will become more and more important as the size of the world population continues to increase. Photosynthetic cells can be used for food applications in various innovative forms, e.g., as a substitute for the fish proteins in the diet supplied to carnivorous fish or perhaps—after acid hydrolysis—as a complex, animal-free serum for growth of mammalian cells in vitro