DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF GLICLAZIDE AND SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The present study describes a simple, accurate, precise, specific and economical UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Gliclazide (GLZ) and Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SPM) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The solvent used was methanol and the absorption maxima for Gliclazide (GLZ) and Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SPM) were found to be 226 nm and 267 nm respectively. Results: The percentage recovery of Gliclazide (GLZ) and Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SPM) were 99.8% and 99.64% respectively. The linear response was observed in the range of 7-27 µg/ml and 20-100 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.996 and 0.998 for Gliclazide (GLZ) and Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SPM) respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative detection of Gliclazide (GLZ) and Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (SPM) in Pharmaceutical dosage form.Â

Report from Sundance TwentyTen: Religion in Independent Film

This is the report from the Sundance Film Festival 2010

Report from Sundance 2008: Religion in Independent Film

This is the report from Sundance Film Festival 2008

Experimental investigation of minimum quantity lubrication in meso-scale milling with varying tool diameter

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a method that uses a very small amount of liquid to reduce friction between cutting tool and work piece during machining. The implementation of MQL machining has become a viable alternative to flood cooling machining and dry machining. The overall performance has been evaluated during meso-scale milling of mild steel using different diameter milling cutters. Experiments have been conducted under two different lubrication condition: dry and MQL with variable cutting parameters. The tool wear and its surface roughness, machined surfaces microstructure and surface roughness were observed for both conditions. It was found from the results that MQL produced better results compared to dry machining. The 0.5 mm tool has been selected as the most optimum tool diameter to be used with the lowest surface roughness as well as the least flank wear generation. For the workpiece, it was observed that the cutting temperature possesses crucial effect on the microstructure and the surface roughness of the machined surface and bigger diameter tool actually resulted in higher surface roughness. The poor conductivity of the cutting tool may be one of reasons behind

Report from Sundance 2011: Religion in Independent Film

This is the report from the Sundance Film Festival 2011

Family reported outcomes, an unmet need in the management of a patient's disease: appraisal of the literature

Abstract: Background: A person’s chronic health condition or disability can have a huge impact on the quality of life (QoL) of the whole family, but this important impact is often ignored. This literature review aims to understand the impact of patients' disease on family members across all medical specialities, and appraise existing generic and disease-specific family quality of life (QoL) measures. Methods: The databases Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, ASSIA, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for original articles in English measuring the impact of health conditions on patients' family members/partner using a valid instrument. Results: Of 114 articles screened, 86 met the inclusion criteria. They explored the impact of a relative's disease on 14,661 family members, mostly 'parents' or 'mothers', using 50 different instruments across 18 specialities including neurology, oncology and dermatology, in 33 countries including the USA, China and Australia. These studies revealed a huge impact of patients' illness on family members. An appraisal of family QoL instruments identified 48 instruments, 42 disease/speciality specific and six generic measures. Five of the six generics are aimed at carers of children, people with disability or restricted to chronic disease. The only generic instrument that measures the impact of any condition on family members across all specialities is the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16). Although most instruments demonstrated good reliability and validity, only 11 reported responsiveness and only one reported the minimal clinically important difference. Conclusions: Family members' QoL is greatly impacted by a relative's condition. To support family members, there is a need for a generic tool that offers flexibility and brevity for use in clinical settings across all areas of medicine. FROM-16 could be the tool of choice, provided its robustness is demonstrated with further validation of its psychometric properties.Peer reviewe

Rational design of cyclopropane-based chiral PHOX ligands for intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction

A novel class of chiral phosphanyl-oxazoline (PHOX) ligands with a conformationally rigid cyclopropyl backbone was synthesized and tested in the intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction. Mechanistic modelling and crystallographic studies were used to predict the optimal ligand structure and helped to design a very efficient and highly selective catalytic system. Employment of the optimized ligands in the asymmetric arylation of cyclic olefins allowed for achieving high enantioselectivities and significantly suppressing product isomerization. Factors affecting the selectivity and the rate of the isomerization were identified. It was shown that the nature of this isomerization is different from that demonstrated previously using chiral diphosphine ligands.Financial support from the University of Kansas and the National Science Foundation (EEC-0310689) is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to International Collaboration Program, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Ural Federal University. We also thank National Science Foundation (grant CHE-0079282) for funds to purchase the X-ray instrument and Dr. V. W. Day (X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas) for his assistance with X-ray crystallography

Evaluation of deficit irrigation regime, row spacing and dual plantation of drip irrigated tomato under high tunnel

The present study was carried out at Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to investigate the effect of row spacing, deficit irrigation and dual plantation on tomato yield grown in high tunnel under polyethylene black mulch and drip irrigation system. The field experiment layout comprised of three rows spacing (S1, S2 and S3) as (0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m respectively) and two irrigation levels (I1 and I2) as (100% and 75% of required irrigation respectively). In addition, a dual plantation treatment spaced at 0.45 m was also investigated under both irrigation levels. Results showed that the total fruit yield was significantly influenced by row spacing and irrigation level, however, their interaction was non-significant. The 100% irrigation gave 6.53, 4.49, and 5.94% more yield than 75% irrigation treatment under 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m row spacing, respectively. However, the irrigation water use efficiency was found to be higher in deficit treatment (75% irrigation) by 25.16, 27.60, and 25.86% than full irrigation treatments under 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m row spacing, respectively. The results of single and dual plantation showed that dual plantation increased the fruit yield by 7.62 and 11.28% than the single plantation under full and deficit irrigation respectively and covering approximately the same area