The Effect of Some Animal and Plant Proteins on uric acid index in Rats with Acute Renal Failure

Kidney diseases are a public health problem all over the world. From recent studies it has been found that a low-protein diet as part of diet therapy has beneficial effects that slow the progression of chronic kidney disease. So, this study was carried out to investigate the uric acid index of some animal protein (Beef, eggs, kidney) and plant protein (mushroom, yellow lentils, lupine) in rats with induced-acute renal failure (ARF). Forty rats were divided into 8 groups (n=5) in each group. The first group of rats was fed on basal diet. The other rats were injected with one dose of 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg B.Wt.) in their hind limbs to induce ARF, these rats were divided into 7 subgroups, as follows: Subgroup (1): Rats with ARF were fed on basal diet supplemented with 150 gm/kg casein as positive control group (+Ve). From subgroups (2 : 7) rats were fed on the basal diet supplemented with 150 gm/kg from dried beef, eggs, kidney, mushroom, yellow lentils, lupine, respectively for 4 weeks. The treated groups with either animal or plant proteins had a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of kidney functions as well as lowering the mean values of phosphorous, sodium and potassium. The level of serum albumin and total protein were significantly (P<0.05) increased as compared to the +ve control group. It could be concluded that a diet containing animal protein (beef, eggs, kidney) or plant protein (mushroom, yellow lentils, lupine) may be used as a part of diet therapy to slow the progression of kidney disease and improve the kidney functions

Toxicity outcome of concurrent teletherapy and brachytherapy compared with teletherapy followed by brachytherapy in locally advanced carcinoma cervix

Background: Teletherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy are definitive treatment modalities for stages IIB to IVA cervical carcinoma. Globally, it is the second most common cancer among female. Majority of patients attend the hospital with locally advanced stage due to less screening facility and social stigma.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 with a total of 76 patients. The patients were equally divided into two groups: A and B after obtaining their informed written consent.Results: Final follow up was given after completion of treatment at 24 weeks. Patients in both groups developed grade 1 gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities (10.5% versus 13.1%, 13.1% versus 15.7% in group A and B respectively). Two patients in group A and three patients in group B developed grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicities. In genitourinary toxicities, grade 2 toxicities were observed in two patients of group A and four patients of group B, (p>0.05). None developed grade 3 and 4 gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities. There were no statistically significant variations in treatment related toxicities between the two groups.Conclusions: Both gastrointestinal, genitourinary toxicities were comparable between two groups. The toxicities were acceptable and well tolerated.

Comparison of dosimetric parameters between intensity modulated and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning for adjuvant therapy of gastric cancer

Background: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for gastric carcinoma, but the optimal radiation modality remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in terms of dosimetry for adjuvant gastric cancer treatment. Methods: 21 patients with stage IIB-IIIC gastric cancer, treated between January and June 2021, underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiation with both IMRT and 3D-CRT plans. Dosimetric parameters were calculated for the planned target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR). Results: Both IMRT and 3D-CRT provided comparable PTV coverage. However, IMRT significantly improved kidney sparing, reducing the mean V20 value by 23% (p=0.01) for the right kidney and 26% (p=0.02) for the left kidney compared to 3D-CRT. IMRT also decreased the mean irradiated volume for both kidneys and the liver, as well as the V30 value for the liver, although these differences were not statistically significant. The dosimetric parameters for the spinal cord were comparable between IMRT and 3D-CRT plans. Conclusions: IMRT demonstrated better kidney sparing compared to 3D-CRT in adjuvant radiotherapy for gastric cancer, while PTV coverage was similar. Long-term follow-up is necessary to assess clinical outcomes and local recurrence rates for both treatment plans

Prevalence of shoulder pain disability among assistive device users with paraplegia

Objective: To identify the prevalence of shoulder pain disability in paraplegic patients using assistive devices following Spinal Cord Injury. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done among 53 SCI paraplegia patients having shoulder pain after use of assistive devices. Pre-test was done among 5 subjects. The association among different variables with shoulder was tested by using chi-square test. SPSS version 16 was applied to find the result. Results: The study showed that almost 98.11% of the respondents had shoulder pain with the assistive device users. Among them all of the participants were using wheelchair as the assistive devices and 86.3% had mild disability, 11.8% moderate disability and 2% sever disability. Among them, 72% of the patients had stayed in the hospital for less than six months. Shoulder pain was dependent on age, gender, duration of assistive devices used, type of assistive devices used and level of injury Conclusion: Shoulder pain is common and has a high prevalence rate in both traumatic as well as non-traumatic spinal cord injury. Wheelchair user have more shoulder pain then other assistive devices users. Shoulder pain has a negative effect on activities of daily living and is a potential cause of activity limitations. Keywords: shoulder pain, paraplegia, spinal cord injury, assistive device

HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY FOR FIBER-TO-SEED ATTACHMENT FORCE, EARLINESS, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN A HALF DIALLEL CROSS OF COTTON

Seven cotton genotypes involving cvs. Giza 70, Giza, 77, Giza 86 and Giza 83 and the exotic varieties; Pima S7 and SeaIsland, as well as, the American Upland variety Tamcot C.E., were crossed in a diallel pattern, excluding reciprocals, in 2000 season to produce 21 F1 hybrids. Parents and F1­­'swere evaluated in 2001 season for eight economic traits. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all traits, revealing the presence of sufficient variability in the population. Significant desired negative mid and better parent heterosis were found for fiber-to-seed attachment force and days to flowering. Significant positive heterosis was also observed for yield and its components. The variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability, (SCA) were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of both additive and non additive gene action in the inheritance of these characters. The GCA/SCA ratio was found to be greater than unity, indicating predominance of additive and additive x additive types of gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Based on GCA effects, the Upland variety Tamcot C.E. proved to be the best general combiner for earliness, boll weight, seed index, seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield/ plant. Giza 83 seemed to be good combiner for fiber-to-seed attachment force, Giza 86 for lint percentage and Pima S7 for number of bolls per plant

Cause, pattern and outcome of fractures occurring in the pediatric population of rural tertiary health care center of Nepal.

Introduction: Pediatric trauma is a significant burden to health care worldwide. In Karnali province, most of the cases present late. The aim of this study is to determine demographic characteristics, cause, pattern, treatment and outcome of pediatric fractures in tertiary health care center in Jumla. Method: This is a retrospective study done in patients younger than 16 years who presented to our hospital between January 2016 to December 2017. We analyzed demographic data, injury characteristics, fracture pattern, time of presentation, treatment modalities and outcome. Results: There were total of 1028 patients out of which 60% were males. Mean duration of presentation to hospital was 4.8 days. Most common mechanism of injury was fall from height. 85.60 % were managed conservatively and 14.40% were managed operatively. Postoperative outcome was good in 71 % of the cases, fair in 28% and poor in 1% cases. Forearm fracture was the most common presentation, accounting for 358 cases (34.82%) followed by Supracondylar humerus fracture accounting 23.34%. Conclusion: Pediatric fractures constitute a huge proportion of cases in our hospital. As pediatric bones unite readily, the treatment outcome is good in most of the cases even after conservative management and after delayed presentation. Keywords: pediatric fractures, conservative management, supracondylar fractures, delayed presentation

Glutathione Transferase as a Potential Marker for Gut Epithelial Injury versus the Protective Role of Breast Milk sIgA in Infants with Rota Virus Gastroenteritis

BACKGROUND: Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) plays an important protective role in the recognition and clearance of enteric pathogens.AIM: This study was designed to assess if mucosal integrity “measured by secretory IgA (SIgA)†is a protective factor from more epithelial alteration “measured by glutathione transferase†in infants with Rota gastroenteritis and its relation to infantsꞌ feeding pattern.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 79 infants aged 6 months and less from those diagnosed as having gastroenteritis and admitted to Gastroenteritis Department in Abo El Rish Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University. Plasma glutathione s-transferases and Stool SIgA were measured using ELISA technique. Rota virus detection was done by Reverse transcriptase PCR.RESULTS: SIgA was found to be significantly positive in exclusive breast fed infants, Glutathione transferase was significantly more frequently positive in Rota positive cases than Rota negative cases by Reverse transcriptase PCR. A significant negative correlation between Glutathione transferase and Secretory IgA was found, (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Breast feeding should be encouraged and highly recommended in the first two years of life as it provides Secretory IgA to breast fed infants who in turn protect them against epithelial damage caused by Rota viral gastroenteritis

The prognostic significance of wild type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) in breast cancer

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a prerequisite step in breast cancer (BC) metastasis. We have previously identified wild type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) as a key putative driver of LVI. Thus, we explored the prognostic significance of IDH2 at transcriptome and protein expression levels in pre-invasive and invasive disease.Methods: Utlising, tissue microarrays from a large well annotated BC cohort including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer (IBC), IDH2 was assessed at the transcriptomic and proteomic level. The associations between clinicopathological factors including LVI status, prognosis and the expression of IDH2 were evaluated.Results: In pure DCIS and IBC, high IDH2 protein expression was associated with features of aggressiveness including high nuclear grade, larger size, comedo-necrosis and hormonal receptor negativity and LVI, higher grade, larger tumour size, high NPI, HER2 positivity, and hormonal receptor negativity, respectively. High expression of IDH2 either in mRNA or protein levels was associated with poor patient’s outcome in both DCIS and IBC.  Multivariate analysis revealed that IDH2 protein expression was an independent risk factor for shorter BC specific-survival.Conclusion: Further functional studies to decipher the role of IDH2 and its mechanism of action as a driver of BC progression and LVI are warranted

The multifunctional solute carrier 3A2 (SLC3A2) confers a poor prognosis in the highly proliferative breast cancer subtypes

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by variant biology, metabolic activity and patient outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the biological and prognostic value of the membrane solute carrier, SLC3A2 in BC with emphasis on the intrinsic molecular subtypes. Methods: SLC3A2 was assessed at the genomic level, using METABRIC data (n=1,980), and proteomic level, using immunohistochemistry on TMA sections constructed from a large well-characterised primary BC cohort (n=2,500). SLC3A2 expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes, and patient outcome. Results: SLC3A2 mRNA and protein expression were strongly correlated with higher tumour grade and poor Nottingham prognostic index (NPI). High expression of SLC3A2 was observed in triple negative (TN), HER2+, and ER+ high proliferation subtypes. SLC3A2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly associated with the expression of c-MYC in all BC subtypes (p<0.001). High expression of SLC3A2 protein was associated with poor patient outcome (p<0.001)), but only in the ER+ high proliferation (p=0.01) and triple negative (p=0.04) subtypes. In multivariate analysis SLC3A2 protein was an independent risk factor for shorter breast cancer specific survival (p<0.001). Conclusions: SLC3A2 appears to play a role in the aggressive BC subtypes driven by MYC and could act as a potential prognostic marker. Functional assessment is necessary to reveal its potential therapeutic value in the different BC subtypes