Comparison of serum pepsinogen i and ii and gastrin 17 level in patients more than 50 years with dyspepsia who have precancerous gastric lesions

Introduction: Serum screening systems are useful in monitoring gastric cancer. The present research studied and compared serum levels of pepsinogens, gastrin-17, and Helicobacter pylori antibodies in patients with dyspepsia and precancerous lesions by focusing on gastric pathology.Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with dyspepsia symptoms from whom gastric biopsy samples were taken during endoscopy entered the present study. The biopsy samples were examined using a rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathology study. Patients with precancerous lesions were considered the case group (40 individuals) and patients with chronic gastritis the control group (88 individuals). Serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies, and the gene related to vacuolatingcytotoxinA(vacA) were measured at a private laboratory in Rasht. The information was analyzed by using SPSS 16 and through employing the t-test and the chisquare test.Results: This study included 120 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis, 39 with metaplasia, 5 with dysplasia, and 6 with neoplasia. No cases of atrophic gastritis were observed. The percentages of patients with pepsinogen I levels lower than normal and without metaplasia (75.9%) or neoplasia (96.6%) were significantly higher than those with metaplasia (24.1%) or neoplasia (3.4%). When the three groups of patients with metaplasia, dysplasia, and atrophic gastritis were combined to form a new group (the precancerous group), there were significant differences between the case and control groups with respect to levels of pepsinogen I and pepsinogen I/ pepsinogen II ratios (p<0.05). The frequencies of patients with lower than normal pepsinogen I levels and pepsinogen I/ pepsinogen II ratios in the precancerous group (15 and 20 percent, respectively) were higher than those in the chronic gastritis group (1.1 and 5.7 percent, respectively) (p<0.05). The mean pepsinogen I levels and pepsinogen I/ pepsinogen II ratio in the precancerous group (99.57 and 5.89μg/l, respectively) were smaller compared to those in the chronic gastritis group (100.24 and 8.77 μg/l) (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, or levels of anti- Helicobacter pylori antibodies.Conclusions: Results showed that low pepsinogen I levels and small pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II ratios were useful markers for identifying precancerous lesions. It is recommended that more research with larger sample volumes be carried out to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this test and the possible cutoff values of the mentioned markers.Keywords: Pepsinogen, precancerous lesions, gastrin-1

Feed consumption and weight gaining behavior of zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats with single and in combination treatment of clonidine and metformin

Background: Diabetes is metabolic disorder with high blood glucose level. Type-2 diabetes is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic hyperglycemia. So agents that are efficiently reduces weight gain along with diabetic control may play beneficial role in obese diabetic subjects.Methods: Zucker Fatty Rats were used for the study. Animals were divided in four groups, (control group, Clonidine group, metformin group and combination group).  Normal weight gain and feed consumption data were obtained up to 9 weeks of age there after animals were started treatment according to above mentioned groups. During treatment again feed consumption and weight gain data were generated. The experimental results are expressed as the Mean ± SEM in each group. Statistical analysis has been performed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The data suggest that there is decrease in body weight gain during the treatment with clonidine and in combination of clonidine and metformin. If we consider weight gain of control as 100 % weekly than clonidine group shows 10.45 % weight gain while metformin shows 96.5 % weight gain and in combination group it shows 33.63 % weight gain. So, there is significant reduction in weight gain of the group treated with clonidine and combination of clonidine and metformin. Same time there is reduction in feed consumption of animals.Conclusions: The centrally acting drug Clonidine affects the feed consuming behavior and weight gain of animals. It shows hypophagic effect and reduces weight gain in single as well as in combination with metformin

Unsteady MHD flow along exponentially accelerated vertical flat surface through porous medium with variable temperature and hall current in a roatating system

The present study is carried out to examine the unsteady flow along a non-conducting vertical exponentially accelerated infinitely long plate with heat source and Hall current through a porous medium in a rotating system. The non-dimensional governing equations of model are solved by using Integral transform technique. The results are analysed with the help of graphs and tables. It is noticed that the flow pattern is affected significantly with plate acceleration, Hall current, radiation, porous medium and heat source. The outcomes of the study may find applications in various fields related to the solar physics dealing with the solar cycle, the sunspot development, the structure of rotating magnetic stars etc.Keywords: MHD; Rotation; Porous medium; Hall Curren

SUCCINIMIDES: SYNTHESIS, REACTION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

This review summarizes the synthetic methods, reactions and biological application of important pharmacological succinimides and summarizes recent developments in their derivatives such as dichlorodiformyl, Schiff base, chalcone, Barbier type allylation etc. Over the last years. The biological activity of the cyclic imides is also briefly discussed. Formation of succinimidyl radicals and Single crystal studies on this type of compounds are beyond the scope of this review and will not be discussed. Nor referenced

Effect of heating or cooling in a suspension of phototactic algae with no-slip boundary conditions

In this study, we investigate the impact of heating or cooling in a suspension experiencing phototactic bioconvection. The suspension is illuminated by collimated irradiation from the top and subjected to heating or cooling from the bottom. The governing equations include the Navier Stokes equations with the Boussinesq approximation, the diffusion equation for motile microorganisms, and the energy equation for temperature. Employing linear perturbation theory, we analyse the linear stability of the suspension. The findings predict that the suspension undergoes destabilization when heated from below and stabilization when cooled from below. This suggests a sensitive dependence of the system's stability on the thermal conditions, providing valuable insights into the behavior of phototactic bioconvection under different heating or cooling scenarios