29 research outputs found
Women at Altitude: Sex-Related Physiological Responses to Exercise in Hypoxia.
Sex differences in physiological responses to various stressors, including exercise, have been well documented. However, the specific impact of these differences on exposure to hypoxia, both at rest and during exercise, has remained underexplored. Many studies on the physiological responses to hypoxia have either excluded women or included only a limited number without analyzing sex-related differences. To address this gap, this comprehensive review conducted an extensive literature search to examine changes in physiological functions related to oxygen transport and consumption in hypoxic conditions. The review encompasses various aspects, including ventilatory responses, cardiovascular adjustments, hematological alterations, muscle metabolism shifts, and autonomic function modifications. Furthermore, it delves into the influence of sex hormones, which evolve throughout life, encompassing considerations related to the menstrual cycle and menopause. Among these physiological functions, the ventilatory response to exercise emerges as one of the most sex-sensitive factors that may modify reactions to hypoxia. While no significant sex-based differences were observed in cardiac hemodynamic changes during hypoxia, there is evidence of greater vascular reactivity in women, particularly at rest or when combined with exercise. Consequently, a diffusive mechanism appears to be implicated in sex-related variations in responses to hypoxia. Despite well-established sex disparities in hematological parameters, both acute and chronic hematological responses to hypoxia do not seem to differ significantly between sexes. However, it is important to note that these responses are sensitive to fluctuations in sex hormones, and further investigation is needed to elucidate the impact of the menstrual cycle and menopause on physiological responses to hypoxia
Chirurgie orthognatique et asymétrie faciale : réussites et déceptions
Les asymétries faciales sont traitées chez l'adulte en combinant les thérapeutiques orthodontiques et chirurgicales. La préparation orthodontique, lors des décompensations transversales, tient un rÎle capital pour permettre d'effectuer une chirurgie de recentrage.
L'ostéotomie de Lefort I et le clivage mandibulaire de dérotation ne suffisent pas toujours à rétablir une symétrie faciale correcte.
La stabilitĂ© Ă long terme de la rĂ©habilitation chirurgicale et orthodontique peut ĂȘtre remise en question par
l'inconstance des résultats immédiats, avec une réapparition de la bascule du plan d'occlusion et une perte progressive de la symétrie mandibulaire.
à travers des cas traités présentant une dysmorphie transversale importante, l'auteur évoque la place du
facteur musculaire dans les processus de récidive et celle de l'analyse électromyographique des muscles masticateurs
Incorporating the maxillary transverse dimension in the treatment plan
Transverse dimension of the maxilla is a key point to consider when elaborating a surgical-orthodontic approach. Though the esthetic impact of transverse maxillary disharmonies is mild, their functional impact is major, with a tendency to underestimate it. The diagnosis of a transverse maxillary disharmony should be made during childhood, pointing out the alveolar part (endo or exoalveoly) and the skeletal part (endo or exognathy) of the dysmorphosis. The authors, an orthodontist and a maxillofacial surgeon, bring their respective look upon transverse maxillary disharmonies and present the various therapeutic means that can be utilized, most of the time through a surgical-orthodontic collaboration. Long-term occlusal stability definitely requires the integration of the maxillary transverse dimension when elaborating a surgical-orthodontic therapeutic approach
LâintĂ©gration de la dimension transversale du maxillaire dans le plan de traitement
LâintĂ©gration de la dimension transversale du maxillaire est un point fondamental dans
lâĂ©laboration dâun plan de traitement orthodontico-chirurgical. Capitales dâun point de
vue fonctionnel, les anomalies du sens transversal maxillaire nâont que peu de
retentissements esthétiques, ce qui expose au risque de les sous-estimer. Le diagnostic
dâune anomalie transversale maxillaire doit ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© pendant lâenfance en prĂ©cisant la
part alvéolaire (endo- ou exoalvéolie) et la part basale (endo- ou exognathie maxillaire)
de la dysmorphose. Les auteurs, orthodontiste et chirurgien maxillofacial, apportent leurs
regards respectifs sur ces anomalies du sens transversal maxillaire et présentent les
moyens thĂ©rapeutiques qui peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s, le plus souvent dans le cadre dâune
collaboration orthodontico-chirurgicale. LâintĂ©gration de la dimension transversale dans
le plan de traitement orthodontico-chirurgical est indispensable du point de vue de la
stabilité occlusale à long terme