Variability for Qualitative and Quantitative Traits in Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba L.)

Glory lily (Gloriosa superba L.) is one of the major medicinal plants of India cultivated for its seeds which are exported to developed countries for pharmaceutical use. Identifying germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Variability for qualitative and quantitative traits was investigated in 18 genotypes of G. superba collected from different regions of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. For qualitative traits, these genotypes were subjected to diversity analysis based on NBPGR descriptors. Fourteen qualitative and twenty quantitative traits of G. superba were evaluated to assess morphological variations among the genotypes collected. In qualitative traits, a large number of genotypes of the 18 clustered together, at 77% similarity in two clusters. Dendrogram constructed on the basis of twenty quantitative traits for the same set of genotypes did not reveal any clear pattern in grouping, and the genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters. Cluster analysis based on qualitative and quantitative traits revealed a different group of genotypes for each of the data-set. This clearly indicated that less variation existed between genotypes with respect to morphological traits. These easily observable morphological traits are useful tools for preliminary evaluation, because, they offer a fast and reliable approach for assessing extent of diversity in G. superba genotypes

Ginsparg-Wilson relation and the overlap formula

The fermionic determinant of a lattice Dirac operator that obeys the Ginsparg-Wilson relation factorizes into two factors that are complex conjugate of each other. Each factor is naturally associated with a single chiral fermion and can be realized as a overlap of two many body vacua.Comment: 4 pages, plain tex, no figure

Impact of pollination strategies on fruit set and fruit growth attributes in jasmine

Jasmine occupies predominant position among the flower crops in India in terms of area, production and productivity. The demand for jasmine flowers is growing day by day owing to its wide range of uses and there is a pressing need for improving the crop by exploring strategies to evolve diverse genotypes. The present study focuses on the hybridization of Jasminum spp with the objective of introgression of desirable traits that would aid in creation of wider genetic variability. Pollination is the basis in any hybridization programme. The main aim of this research study was to determine the suitable pollination methods among self, open and cross pollination and to assess the effect of the pollination methods on the fruit set and fruit characteristics. The results of the study revealed that the overall response of J. auriculatum was found effective with maximum fruit set percentage. J. auriculatum cv Parimullai yielded the highest fruit set of 76.43% under open pollination and the least fruit set rate of 2.14% under self-pollination. Among the possible cross combination involving J. auriculatum and J. grandiflorum cultivars as seed parents with various pollen parents, J. flexile showed considerable results. Cross combination of J. auriculatum x J. flexile recorded maximum fruit set revealing best cross compatibility while crosses involving J. sambac resulted in no fruit set indicating the prevalence of fertilization barriers that hinder hybridization

मान्नार खाडी के ज्वारीय क्षेत्र में स्थापित नितलस्थ पिंजरों में पेनिअस सेमिसलकाटस का पालन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Response of flower quality and physiological characters of Jasminum sambac (L.) to modified planting system and pruning schedule

Increasing planting density in Jasminum sambac (L.) is a recent trend among farmers and an effective strategy for improving flower productivity without affecting the standard of flower buds. This study aimed to establish the effect of varied plant density with different pruning levels on the flower quality during off, peak and lean seasons in J. sambac during 2021-‘22. The treatments comprised of four levels of plant density viz., D1- one plant pit-1 (control), D2 - two plants pit-1, D3 - three plants pit-1, D4 - four plants pit-1 and two levels of pruning viz., P1 - one pruning year-1(control), P2 - two prunings  year-1. The trial was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The important traits on flower quality parameters namely the total length of the flower bud, length of the flower bud without corolla tube and corolla tube length, were influenced significantly (P<0.05) by three plants pit-1 (D3) and two prunings year-1 (P2). But there was no interaction effect between plant density and pruning frequency for these flower quality parameters. The interaction effect was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the physiological and biochemical traits, namely chlorophyll content, total phenol content, soluble protein and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) oxidase activity. The pooled analysis data of the treatment T6 (D3P2) was found superior due to increased plant density combined with alteration in pruning. This performed better with enhanced number of new shoots and produced good quality flower buds through enhancement of physiological activity in all three seasons (off, peak and lean) when compared to conventional planting T1 (D1P1) method

Efficiency of gamma irradiation and ethyl methane sulphonate in inducing variations in Jasminum auriculatum Vahl.

Vegetatively propagated crops like Jasminum auriculatum have a constraint in genetic variation due to a narrow genetic base that restricts the insights in any crop breeding programme. Mutation breeding is a potential tool that directs a way to create desirable variation effectively in vegetatively propagated crops. The optimum dose of mutagen is the one which produces the maximum frequency of mutation in turn the variation, with minimum killing. The aim of the present paper unveils the Lethal Dose (LD50) and the growth reduction dose (GR50) for both Gamma irradiation (GI) and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for the ecotype ‘Muthu Mullai’ of Jasminum auriculatum. These parameters of GR and EMS treated cuttings were analysed by considering the GR50 values of the mortality rate (57%, 48%), survival percentage (12.479Gy, 13.268mM), shoot length (18.59Gy, 18.28mM), root length (20.39Gy, 18.17mM), number of leaves (22.29Gy, 17.47mM), number of sprouts (22.97Gy, 16.17mM), vigour index (10.43Gy, 11.05mM), leaf length (21.61Gy, 19.90mM) and leaf width (19.2Gy, 16.17mM). The LD50 value was 12.479 Gy for GI and 13.268 mM for EMS treatment. The GR50 for different growth parameters ranged from 14.93 to 22.9 Gy for GI and 1.05 to 19.9 mM for EMS treatment. The mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness were 214.96 and 89.36 for GI and 48.66 and 33.77 for EMS treatment, respectively. These doses can be used for generating considerable variation, which can be put to use in future crop improvement programmes for Jasmine

Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Mutants of Coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.) for Yield and forskolin Content in V2M1 Generation

The present investigation was carried out during 2003-2007 involving terminal cuttings of coleus ecotype 'Garmai'. Genotypic correlation coefficient between yield and its components in mutants of coleus was studied, viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, number of tubers plant-1, tuber length and tuber girth were found to have positive and highly significant correlation with yield. However, forskolin and essential oil content showed negative correlation with yield. Path analysis of component characters on yield of Coleus in V2M1 generation exerted positive direct effect through the characters plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and number of tubers plant-1. Similarly, direct effect was observed to be negative through number of branches plant-1 (-0.930), total amount of alkaloids (-0.066) and forskolin content (-0.026). The current investigation resulted in residual effect of 0.158 indicating the accuracy and appropriate selection of component character for crop improvement programme. Weightage must be given to component characters exhibiting positive attributes towards fresh tuber yield in Coleus. However, some traits with negative attributes are also chosen for getting improved quality, i.e., forskolin content, without much inhibition on fresh tuber yield plant-1

Towards T.R.I.C.K. 2.0 – A tool for the evaluation of the vehicle performance through the use of an advanced sensors system

In the last years, the tire technological development has played a fundamental role in motorsport and in automotive industry. The tire contact patch forces have a great influence on the vehicle behavior, so their correct estimation is a crucial task to understand how to improve the car performance. In order to identify the tire interaction characteristic, it is also necessary to use a procedure that allows the correct evaluation of the slip angles in the different operating conditions. This paper presents an evolution of the T.R.I.C.K. tool developed by the UniNa vehicle dynamics research group. In the first version of this tool an 8 degree of freedom vehicle model has been implemented and, starting from the experimental data acquired, the T.R.I.C.K. calculates the interaction forces and the tire slips using the equilibrium equations. Using more car parameters and further data obtained from track sessions and dedicated tests, in the presented release of the tool, new formulations have been developed for a more accurate calculation of the tire-road forces. The effectiveness of the treatments is assessed using experimental data and the simulator outputs. The new formulations introduced in this paper allows, depending on the availability of additional vehicle data and acquisition sensors, to estimate the interaction forces with different and more accurate methodologies than the equilibrium equations, while retaining very reduced simulation times. In this way it is possible to carry out a more precise study of vehicle dynamics with the possibility of investigating and significantly improving performance

Approach to the Continuum Limit of the Quenched Hermitian Wilson-Dirac Operator

We investigate the approach to the continuum limit of the spectrum of the Hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator in the supercritical mass region for pure gauge SU(2) and SU(3) backgrounds. For this we study the spectral flow of the Hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator in the range $0\le m\le 2$. We find that the spectrum has a gap for $0 < m \le m_1$ and that the spectral density at zero, $\rho(0;m)$, is non-zero for $m_1\le m\le 2$. We find that $m_1\to 0$ and, for $m \ne 0, \rho(0;m)\to 0$ (exponential in the lattice spacing) as one goes to the continuum limit. We also compute the topological susceptibility and the size distribution of the zero modes. The topological susceptibility scales well in the lattice spacing for both SU(2) and SU(3). The size distribution of the zero modes does not appear to show a peak at a physical scale.Comment: 19 pages revtex with 9 postscript figures included by eps

A study of chiral symmetry in quenched QCD using the Overlap-Dirac operator

We compute fermionic observables relevant to the study of chiral symmetry in quenched QCD using the Overlap-Dirac operator for a wide range of the fermion mass. We use analytical results to disentangle the contribution from exact zero modes and simplify our numerical computations. Details concerning the numerical implementation of the Overlap-Dirac operator are presented.Comment: 24 pages revtex with 5 postscript figures included by eps