Gyrations: The Missing Link Between Classical Mechanics with its Underlying Euclidean Geometry and Relativistic Mechanics with its Underlying Hyperbolic Geometry

Being neither commutative nor associative, Einstein velocity addition of relativistically admissible velocities gives rise to gyrations. Gyrations, in turn, measure the extent to which Einstein addition deviates from commutativity and from associativity. Gyrations are geometric automorphisms abstracted from the relativistic mechanical effect known as Thomas precession

Albumin and mammalian cell culture: implications for biotechnology applications

Albumin has a long historical involvement in design of media for the successful culture of mammalian cells, in both the research and commercial fields. The potential application of albumins, bovine or human serum albumin, for cell culture is a by-product of the physico-chemical, biochemical and cell-specific properties of the molecule. In this review an analysis of these features of albumin leads to a consideration of the extracellular and intracellular actions of the molecule, and importantly the role of its interactions with numerous ligands or bioactive factors that influence the growth of cells in culture: these include hormones, growth factors, lipids, amino acids, metal ions, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to name a few. The interaction of albumin with the cell in relation to these co-factors has a potential impact on metabolic and biosynthetic activity, cell proliferation and survival. Application of this knowledge to improve the performance in manufacturing biotechnology and in the emerging uses of cell culture for tissue engineering and stem cell derived therapies is an important prospect

Legal requirements for power quality related to power installation

W referacie przedstawiono podstawowe parametry jakości energii elektrycznej, które podano w wymaganiach rozporządzenia w sprawie szczegółowych warunków funkcjonowania systemu elektroenergetycznego [2] oraz normy PN – EN 50160 [1] zawierającej podstawowe wytyczne dla sieci elektroenergetycznych do 132 kV włącznie. Wymagania dla sieci wysokich napięć rozszerzono w oparciu o inne dokumenty mające zastosowanie w przypadkach szczególnych, np. w obszarach wychodzących poza treść rozporządzeń i norm. Podano także wnioski praktyczne wynikające z rejestracji jakości energii elektrycznej dla sieci 110 kV w polu liniowym GPZ w kierunku dwóch elektrowni wiatrowych.The paper presents the basic parameters of power quality, which are given in the Regulation on detailed conditions for the operation of the power system and the standard PN - EN 50160. Furthermore, the paper deals with detailed requirements concerning the supplier’s side according to European standard EN 50160, which characterizes voltage parameters of electrical energy in distribution systems up to 132 kV. These requirements of high voltage systems are extended according to another documents used in specific cases, e.g. for 110 kV distribution network or generating units. The wind power plant, in terms of introducing a system of additional active power up to 42 MW considering significant variation over time, does not cause disturbances in the 110 kV distribution network

HYDROLYTIC ACTIVITY YEAST-LIKE FUNGI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SULEJÓW RESERVOIR WATER

We have investigated the hydrolytic activity of 21 species of yeast-like fungi from Candida genus and l species of yeast S. cerevisiae isolated from Sulejów Reservoir water. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes of the studied fungi was different than that of standard strains and also of fungi isolated from patients. This difference demonstrates the capability of the studied fungi to adapt to various environmental conditions