Infodemia – an Analysis of Fake News in Polish News Portals and Traditional Media During the Coronavirus Pandemic

The article addresses the issue of the presence of false information on coronavirus in the Polish news media between January and September 2020. The research aimed to check the extent to which traditional media participate in disinformation processes during the pandemic. An attempt has also been made at explaining the reasons for the publication of fake news in these media. Sources of information that Poles use most often were examined: popular information portals, traditional media websites, and social media (Facebook and Twitter). The article analyses false information in both quantitative and qualitative terms. A total of 101 pieces of false information made available online were diagnosed, of which every fourth news item (25.74%) appeared in opinion-forming media (three most popular news portals and all traditional media were taken into account). The qualitative analysis shows that publishing false information in the opinion-forming media is the result of changes in the journalistic work environment (especially declining standards of work, a desire to attract the attention of the media audience and the pursuit of the media organisations’ own interests). However, this issue requires further research in editorial offices and among journalists

Metacercariae of digeneans occurring in Cobitis elongatoides Bacescu et Maier, 1969 (PISCES: Cobitidae)

Two encysted metacercariae: Metorchis xanthosomus (Creplin, 1846) Braun, 1902 and unidentified echinostomatide are reported for the first time from the fins of Cobitis elongatoides Bacescu et Maier, 1969 and their polyploid biotypes (C. elongatoides x Cobitis sp.). The morphology of both larvae is described, illustrated and discussed

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty−seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non−surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status

Helmintofauna ryb dorzecza Małej Panwi

A parasitological investigation was made at 420 fishes from 10 species: Perca fluviatilis L., Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), Gobio gobio (L.), Tinca tinca (L.), Leuciscus idus (L), Nomacheilus barbatulus (L.), Lota lota (L.), Leucaspisus delineatus (HECKELL 843), Blicca biorkna (L.) and Rhodeus sericeus amarus (BLOCH 1782). The fishes were caught over one year period (1995-1996) in the Mała Panew river drainage basin (South Poland). In examined fishes the following parasite species were found: Diplostomum spathaceum (RUDOLPHI 1819)-metacercaria; Tylodelphys podicipina KOZICKA et NIEWIADOMSKA, 1960 - metacercaria, Asymphyllodora tincae (MODER 1790); Bunodera luciopercae (MÜLLER 1776); Triaenophorus nodulosus (PALLAS 1781) - plerocercoid; Proteocephalus cernue (GMELIN 1790); Camallanus lacustris (ZOEGA 1776); Neoechinorhynchus rutili (MÜLLER 1780); Echinorhynchus borealis (LINSTOW 1901 ); Acanthocephalus lucii (MÜLLER 1776) and Pomphorhynchus laevis (MÜLLER 1776). One species of tapeworm: P. cernue appeared as a new in the parasitefauna of Poland