Morphological Integration of the Modern Human Mandible during Ontogeny

Craniofacial integration is prevalent in anatomical modernity research. Little investigation has been done on mandibular integration. Integration patterns were quantified in a longitudinal modern human sample of mandibles. This integration pattern is one of modularization between the alveolar and muscle attachment regions, but with age-specific differences. The ascending ramus and nonalveolar portions of the corpus remain integrated throughout ontogeny. The alveolar region is dynamic, becoming modularized according to the needs of the mandible at a particular developmental stage. Early in ontogeny, this modularity reflects the need for space for the developing dentition; later, modularity is more reflective of mastication. The overall pattern of modern human mandibular integration follows the integration pattern seen in other mammals, including chimpanzees. Given the differences in craniofacial integration patterns between humans and chimpanzees, but the similarities in mandibular integration, it is likely that the mandible has played the more passive role in hominin skull evolution

Wavelet analysis of angular distributions of secondary particles in high energy nucleus-nucleus interactions. Irregularity of particle pseudorapidity distributions

Experimental data on sulphur and oxygen nuclei interactions with photoemulsion nuclei at the energies of 200 and 60 GeV/nucleon are analyzed with the help of a continuous wavelet transform. Irregularities in pseudorapidity distributions of narrow groups of the secondary shower particles in the mentioned interactions are observed at application of the second order derivative of Gaussian as a wavelet. The irregularities can be interpreted as an existence of the preference emission angles of groups of particles. Such an effect is expected at emission of Cherenkov gluons in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Some of the positions of the observed peculiarities on the pseudorapidity axis coincide with those found by I.M.Dremin et al. (I.M.Dremin et al. Phys. Lett., 2001, v. B499, p. 97).)Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Matching structure and bargaining outcomes in buyer–seller networks

We examine the relationship between the matching structure of a bipartite (buyer-seller) network and the (expected) shares of the unit surplus that each connected pair in this network can create. We show that in different bargaining environments, these shares are closely related to the Gallai-Edmonds Structure Theorem. This theorem characterizes the structure of maximum matchings in an undirected graph. We show that the relationship between the (expected) shares and the tructure Theorem is not an artefact of a particular bargaining mechanism or trade centralization. However, this relationship does not necessarily generalize to non-bipartite networks or to networks with heterogeneous link values

Modelling Virtual Sensors for Indoor Environments with Machine Learning

Virtual Sensors model the sensing operation of physical sensors deployed in an area of interest by generating sensory data with accuracy and precision close to those collected by physical sensors. Their use in applications such as augmenting the infrastructure of IoT facilities and test beds, monitoring and calibrating the operation of physical sensors, and developing Digital Twins of physical systems have led virtual sensors to attract research attention. Machine learning provides methods for modelling patterns in complex and big data generated by IoT sensing devices, allowing to model the behaviour of these devices. In this work, we investigate ML methods as means of implementation for virtual sensors. In particular, we evaluate the performance of six ML methods in terms of their effectiveness, accuracy and precision in generating sensory data based on data from physical sensors. In our study, we use a multi-modal dataset comprising IoT sensory data for temperature, humidity and illumination collected over a period of two years in an office space at University of Geneva. Our results show that the best performing model at predicting an output of a missing sensor is the Random Forest method, achieving MAPE error below 3%, 5% and 18% respectively for temperature, humidity and illuminance. The worst performing models were the linear radial basis function neural network and linear regression. In future research, we plan to deploy the best performing models natively on IoT devices, making use of tinyML and extreme edge computing methods

Rapid and reversible impairment of episodic memory by a high-fat diet in mice.

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. This work was supported by an EASTBIO BBSRC PhD studentship to F.H.M., L.M.W., C.G., A.C.M., G.W.H. and F.M.C. are supported by Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Dynamic multilateral markets

We study dynamic multilateral markets, in which players' payoffs result from intra-coalitional bargaining. The latter is modeled as the ultimatum game with exogenous (time-invariant) recognition probabilities and unanimity acceptance rule. Players in agreeing coalitions leave the market and are replaced by their replicas, which keeps the pool of market participants constant over time. In this infinite game, we establish payoff uniqueness of stationary equilibria and the emergence of endogenous cooperation structures when traders experience some degree of (heterogeneous) bargaining frictions. When we focus on market games with different player types, we derive, under mild conditions, an explicit formula for each type's equilibrium payoff as the market frictions vanish

A pilot study to evaluate the application of a generic protein standard panel for quality control of biomarker detection technologies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Protein biomarker studies are currently hampered by a lack of measurement standards to demonstrate quality, reliability and comparability across multiple assay platforms. This is especially pertinent for immunoassays where multiple formats for detecting target analytes are commonly used.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In this pilot study a generic panel of six non-human protein standards (50 - 10^7 pg/mL) of varying abundance was prepared as a quality control (QC) material. Simulated "normal" and "diseased" panels of proteins were prepared in pooled human plasma and incorporated into immunoassays using the Meso Scale Discovery^®(MSD^®) platform to illustrate reliable detection of the component proteins. The protein panel was also evaluated as a spike-in material for a model immunoassay involving detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers within individual human plasma samples. Our selected platform could discriminate between two panels of the proteins exhibiting small differences in abundance. Across distinct experiments, all component proteins exhibited reproducible signal outputs in pooled human plasma. When individual donor samples were used, half the proteins produced signals independent of matrix effects. These proteins may serve as a generic indicator of platform reliability.</p> <p>Each of the remaining proteins exhibit differential signals across the distinct samples, indicative of sample matrix effects, with the three proteins following the same trend. This subset of proteins may be useful for characterising the degree of matrix effects associated with the sample which may impact on the reliability of quantifying target diagnostic biomarkers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have demonstrated the potential utility of this panel of standards to act as a generic QC tool for evaluating the reproducibility of the platform for protein biomarker detection independent of serum matrix effects.</p

Evidence for self-similar bedload transport on Andean alluvial fans, Iglesia basin, south Central Argentina

Self‐similar downstream grain‐size fining trends in fluvial deposits are being increasingly used to simplify equilibrium sediment transport dynamics in numerical models. Their ability to collapse time‐averaged behavior of a depositional system into a simple mass balance framework makes them ideal for exploring the sensitivity of sediment routing systems to their climatic and tectonic boundary conditions. This is important if we want to better understand the sensitivity of landscapes to environmental change over timescales >102 years. However, the extent to which self‐similarity is detectable in the deposits of natural rivers is not fully constrained. In transport‐limited rivers, stored sediment can be remobilized or “recycled” and this behavior has been highlighted as a mechanism by which externally forced grain‐size fining trends are distorted. Here we evaluate evidence of self‐similarity in surface gravel‐size distributions on three geomorphically diverse alluvial fans in the Iglesia basin, south Central Argentine Andes. We find that size distributions are self‐similar, deviating from that condition only when significant variability occurs in the coarse tails of the distributions. Our analysis indicates a strong correlation between the degree of sediment recycling and the proportion of coarse clasts present on the bed surface. However, by fitting a relative mobility transfer function, we demonstrate that size‐selectivity alone can explain the bulk size distributions observed. This strengthens the application of self‐similar grain size fining models to solving problems of mass balance in a range of geomorphic settings, with an aim for reconstructing environmental boundary conditions from stratigraphy

GJ 1252b: A Hot Terrestrial Super-Earth With No Atmosphere

The increasing numbers of rocky, terrestrial exoplanets known to orbit nearby stars (especially M dwarfs) has drawn increased attention to the possibility of studying these planets' surface properties, and atmospheric compositions & escape histories. Here we report the detection of the secondary eclipse of the terrestrial exoplanet GJ1252b using the Spitzer Space Telescope's IRAC2 4.5 micron channel. We measure an eclipse depth of 149(+25/-32) ppm, corresponding to a day-side brightness temperature of 1410(+91/-125) K and consistent with the prediction for no atmosphere. Comparing our measurement to atmospheric models indicates that GJ1252b has a surface pressure of <10 bar, substantially less than Venus. Assuming energy-limited escape, even a 100 bar atmosphere would be lost in <1 Myr, far shorter than estimated age of 3.9+/-0.4 Gyr. The expected mass loss could be overcome by mantle outgassing, but only if the mantle's carbon content were >7% by mass - over two orders of magnitude greater than that found in Earth. We therefore conclude that GJ1252b has no significant atmosphere. Model spectra with granitoid or feldspathic surface composition, but with no atmosphere, are disfavored at >2 sigma. The eclipse occurs just +1.4(+2.8/-1.0) min after orbital phase 0.5, indicating e cos omega=+0.0025(+0.0049/-0.0018), consistent with a circular orbit. Tidal heating is therefore likely to be negligible to GJ1252b's global energy budget. Finally, we also analyze additional, unpublished TESS transit photometry of GJ1252b which improves the precision of the transit ephemeris by a factor of ten, provides a more precise planetary radius of 1.180+/-0.078 R_E, and rules out any transit timing variations with amplitudes <1 min.Comment: ApJL in press. 16 pages, 12 figures, 10 eclipses, 1 bandpass. Models will be available at journal websit