Coupling of energy flows from internal combustion engine and electrical motor in hybrid vehicle

Dynamical model of the hybrid electrical vehicle transmission with internal combustion engine and electrical motor driving the rear and the front wheels accordingly is developed. Particular elements in it are described using classical transmission elements. The model is used for the analysis of acceleration process when the engine and motor operate in non stationary regimes and transmission elements are in transition regimes of motion. Non linear models for clutch and wheel-road interaction description are used. The gear box control algorithm was developed and the vehicle prototype was constructed and tested. The experimental results proved the model validity. The difference in numerical and experimental results for the acceleration at 400 m. distance does not exceed 10 %. The model could be the background for the simplified control algorithm development with no mechanical link between the transmissions. Numerical modeling and experimental research show the functionality of the algorithm. The performed numerical modeling revealed that different from commonly used criteria for velocity ratios selection in the gear box are necessar

Coupling of energy flows from internal combustion engine and electrical motor in hybrid vehicle

Dynamical model of the hybrid electrical vehicle transmission with internal combustion engine and electrical motor driving the rear and the front wheels accordingly is developed. Particular elements in it are described using classical transmission elements. The model is used for the analysis of acceleration process when the engine and motor operate in non stationary regimes and transmission elements are in transition regimes of motion. Non linear models for clutch and wheel-road interaction description are used. The gear box control algorithm was developed and the vehicle prototype was constructed and tested. The experimental results proved the model validity. The difference in numerical and experimental results for the acceleration at 400 m. distance does not exceed 10 %. The model could be the background for the simplified control algorithm development with no mechanical link between the transmissions. Numerical modeling and experimental research show the functionality of the algorithm. The performed numerical modeling revealed that different from commonly used criteria for velocity ratios selection in the gear box are necessar

Calculation of stresses in the coating of a vibrating beam

The model for the analysis of stresses in the coating of a straight beam performing transverse vibrations is presented. The developed numerical procedure is based on the technique of conjugate approximation with smoothing adapted for this specific problem. Relative error norms are calculated and their relationship with the required smoothing is determine

Calculation of stresses in the coating of a vibrating beam

The model for the analysis of stresses in the coating of a straight beam performing transverse vibrations is presented. The developed numerical procedure is based on the technique of conjugate approximation with smoothing adapted for this specific problem. Relative error norms are calculated and their relationship with the required smoothing is determine

Coupling of energy flows from internal combustion engine and electrical motor in hybrid vehicle

Dynamical model of the hybrid electrical vehicle transmission with internal combustion engine and electrical motor driving the rear and the front wheels accordingly is developed. Particular elements in it are described using classical transmission elements. The model is used for the analysis of acceleration process when the engine and motor operate in non stationary regimes and transmission elements are in transition regimes of motion. Non linear models for clutch and wheel-road interaction description are used. The gear box control algorithm was developed and the vehicle prototype was constructed and tested. The experimental results proved the model validity. The difference in numerical and experimental results for the acceleration at 400 m. distance does not exceed 10 %. The model could be the background for the simplified control algorithm development with no mechanical link between the transmissions. Numerical modeling and experimental research show the functionality of the algorithm. The performed numerical modeling revealed that different from commonly used criteria for velocity ratios selection in the gear box are necessar

Calculation of stresses in the coating of a vibrating beam

The model for the analysis of stresses in the coating of a straight beam performing transverse vibrations is presented. The developed numerical procedure is based on the technique of conjugate approximation with smoothing adapted for this specific problem. Relative error norms are calculated and their relationship with the required smoothing is determine

The Great Recession, Public Transfers, and Material Hardship

Economic downturns lead to lost income and increased poverty. Although high unemployment almost certainly also increases material hardship, and government transfers likely decrease hardship, the first relationship has not yet been documented and the second is poorly understood. We use data from five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study to study the relationships between unemployment, government transfers, and material hardship. The latest wave of data was collected during the Great Recession, the worst recession since the Great Depression, providing a unique opportunity to look at how high unemployment rates affect the well-being of low income families. We find that the unemployment rate is associated with increased overall material hardship, difficulty paying bills, having utilities disconnected, and with increased usage of TANF, SNAP, UI and Medicaid. If not for SNAP, food hardship might have increased by twice the amount actually observed

The Great Recession, Public Transfers, and Material Hardship

Economic downturns lead to lost income and increased poverty. Although high unemployment almost certainly also increases material hardship, and government transfers likely decrease hardship, the first relationship has not yet been documented and the second is poorly understood. We use data from five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study to study the relationships between unemployment, government transfers, and material hardship. The latest wave of data was collected during the Great Recession, the worst recession since the Great Depression, providing a unique opportunity to look at how high unemployment rates affect the well-being of low income families. We find that the unemployment rate is associated with increased overall material hardship, difficulty paying bills, having utilities disconnected, and with increased usage of TANF, SNAP, UI and Medicaid. If not for SNAP, food hardship might have increased by twice the amount actually observed