Seasonality of agricultural exposure as an important predictor of seasonal yellow fever spillover in Brazil

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an arbovirus affecting humans and non-human primates (NHPs) with seasonal transmission. Here Hamlet et al. model the monthly occurrence of YF in humans and NHPs across Brazil and show that seasonality of agriculture is an important predictor of seasonal YF transmission

Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV-related disease and tuberculosis: a retrospective study

Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-09-20T18:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_etal_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2016.pdf: 891326 bytes, checksum: 2d4e10331a5a45a2ad3e9867b8b2b67e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regina Costa ([email protected]) on 2018-10-03T18:23:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_etal_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2016.pdf: 891326 bytes, checksum: 2d4e10331a5a45a2ad3e9867b8b2b67e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T18:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_etal_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2016.pdf: 891326 bytes, checksum: 2d4e10331a5a45a2ad3e9867b8b2b67e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil./ Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Terapia Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide, mainly after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Patient with HIV-related illness are more likely to present with severe TB due to immunosuppression. Very few studies have explored HIV/TB co-infection in critically ill patients. The goal of this study was to analyze factors associated with long-term mortality in critically ill patient with HIV-related disease coinfected with TB

Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 strains found in Brazil are endowed with permissive mutations, which compensate the loss of fitness imposed by antiviral resistance

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2015-11-16T14:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paola_resende_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1146844 bytes, checksum: 7920ec697e0b03b42cb30ad41a2714f7 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2015-11-16T15:57:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paola_resende_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1146844 bytes, checksum: 7920ec697e0b03b42cb30ad41a2714f7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T15:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paola_resende_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1146844 bytes, checksum: 7920ec697e0b03b42cb30ad41a2714f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virus Respiratórios e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio de Grande do Sul. Seção de Virologia. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. ,Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.The 2009 pandemic influenza A virus outbreak led to the systematic use of the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir (OST). Consequently, OST-resistant strains, carrying the mutation H275Y, emerged in the years after the pandemics, with a prevalence of 1-2%. Currently, OST-resistant strains have been found in community settings, in untreated individuals. To spread in community settings, H275Y mutants must contain additional mutations, collectively called permissive mutations. We display the permissive mutations in NA of OST-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 virus found in Brazilian community settings. The NAs from 2013 are phylogenetically distinct from those of 2012, indicating a tendency of positive selection of NAs with better fitness. Some previously predicted permissive mutations, such as V241I and N369K, found in different countries, were also detected in Brazil. Importantly, the change D344N, also predicted to compensate loss of fitness imposed by H275Y mutation, was found in Brazil, but not in other countries in 2013. Our results reinforce the notion that OST-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with compensatory mutations may arise in an independent fashion, with samples being identified in different states of Brazil and in different countries. Systematic circulation of these viral strains may jeopardise the use of the first line of anti-influenza drugs in the future

International forum on management of blood donors with culture-positive platelet donations : summary

Bacterial contamination of platelets (Plts) stored at room temperature represents the highest risk for infection and fatality of any transfusable blood component. Contamination mitigation procedures include optimization of arm disinfection, sample diversion of initially collected blood, shorter dating or pathogen inactivation to avoid or prevent log-phase bacterial growth as well as detection of bacteria through immunoassay for bacterial antigens, assays for bacterial metabolic activity or bacterial culture. Point-of-care assays are operationally challenging for transfusion services, which often prefer that the blood collection establishments (BCEs) employ enhanced culture strategies or provide pathogen-reduced Plt products. The aim of this International Forum was to understand not only how Plt bacterial culture strategies are being employed by blood collectors internationally but, more specifically, how culture results impact donor management and ongoing donation eligibility. Using a proposed consensus definition of bottle and unit culture results following an automated sample incubator alarm, we desired to catalogue BCE procedures and donor work-ups as well as evaluation strategies for various scenarios, ranging from machine false-positive alarms to potentially bacteremic blood donors

Cancer inpatients with COVID-19: A report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of cancer inpatients with COVID-19 exploring clinical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective search in the electronic medical records of cancer inpatients admitted to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute from April 30, 2020 to May 26, 2020 granted identification of 181 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR.ResultsThe mean age was 55.3 years (SD ± 21.1). Comorbidities were present in 110 (60.8%) cases. The most prevalent solid tumors were breast (40 [22.1%]), gastrointestinal (24 [13.3%]), and gynecological (22 [12.2%]). Among hematological malignancies, lymphoma (20 [11%]) and leukemia (10 [5.5%]) predominated. Metastatic disease accounted for 90 (49.7%) cases. In total, 63 (34.8%) had recently received cytotoxic chemotherapy. The most common complications were respiratory failure (70 [38.7%]), septic shock (40 [22.1%]) and acute kidney injury (33 [18.2%]). A total of 60 (33.1%) patients died due to COVID-19 complications. For solid tumors, the COVID-19-specific mortality rate was 37.7% (52 out of 138 patients) and for hematological malignancies, 23.5% (8 out of 34). According to the univariate analysis COVID-19-specific mortality was significantly associated with age over 75 years (P = .002), metastatic cancer (p ConclusionThis is the first Brazilian cohort of cancer patients with COVID-19. The rates of complications and COVID-19-specific death were significantly high

West Nile virus in Brazil

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) was first sequenced in Brazil in 2019, when it was isolated from a horse in the Espírito Santo state. Despite multiple studies reporting serological evidence suggestive of past circulation since 2004, WNV remains a low priority for surveillance and public health, such that much is still unknown about its genomic diversity, evolution, and transmission in the country. Methods: A combination of diagnostic assays, nanopore sequencing, phylogenetic inference, and epidemiological modeling are here used to provide a holistic overview of what is known about WNV in Brazil. Results: We report new genetic evidence of WNV circulation in southern (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) and northeastern (Piauí) states isolated from equine red blood cells. A novel, climate-informed theoretical perspective of the potential transmission of WNV across the country highlights the state of Piauí as particularly relevant for WNV epidemiology in Brazil, although it does not reject possible circulation in other states. Conclusion: Our output demonstrates the scarceness of existing data, and that although there is sufficient evidence for the circulation and persistence of the virus, much is still unknown on its local evolution, epidemiology, and activity. We advocate for a shift to active surveillance, to ensure adequate preparedness for future epidemics with spill-over potential to humans