Pengaruh manajemen aktiva terhadap laba

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh manajemen aktiva terhadap laba PT Bahtera Indah Jaya Cabang Samarinda ditinjau dari rasio aktivitas dan Profitabilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, yaitu melakukan penilaian serta pengukuran terhadap angka-angka dalam laporan keuangan yang meliputi laporan neraca dan laba rugi pada tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Berdasarkan perhitungan pada rasio aktivitas menunjukan bahwa kondisi perusahaan yang kurang baik, karena nilai fixed assets turn over dan total assets turn over berfluktuasi kecenderungan mengalami penurunan. Rasio profitabilitas menunjukan kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan keuntungan terlihat kurang baik, karena nilai profit margin, return on assets dan return on equity berfluktuasti dengan kecenderungan mengalami penurunan pada dua tahun terakhir yaitu pada tahun 2013 dan 2014

Changes in monkey crystalline lens spherical aberration during simulated accommodation in a lens stretcher

8 págs.; 7 figs.; 2 apps.© 2015 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to quantify accommodation-induced changes in the spherical aberration of cynomolgus monkey lenses. METHODS. Twenty-four lenses from 20 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; 4.4-16.0 years of age; postmortem time 13.5±13.0 hours) were mounted in a lens stretcher. Lens spherical aberration was measured in the unstretched (accommodated) and stretched (relaxed) states with a laser ray tracing system that delivered 51 equally spaced parallel rays along 1 meridian of the lens over the central 6-mm optical zone. A camera mounted below the lens was used to measure the ray height at multiple positions along the optical axis. For each entrance ray, the change in ray height with axial position was fitted with a third-order polynomial. The effective paraxial focal length and Zernike spherical aberration coefficients corresponding to a 6-mm pupil diameter were extracted from the fitted values. RESULTS. The unstretched lens power decreased with age from 59.3±6 4.0 diopters (D) for young lenses to 45.7±6 3.1 D for older lenses. The unstretched lens shifted toward less negative spherical aberration with age, from -6.3±0.7 lm for young lenses to-5.0±0.5 lm for older lenses. The power and spherical aberration of lenses in the stretched state were independent of age, with values of 33.5±6 3.4 D and-2.6±0.5 lm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Spherical aberration is negative in cynomolgus monkey lenses and becomes more negative with accommodation. These results are in good agreement with the predicted values using computational ray tracing in a lens model with a reconstructed gradient refractive index. The spherical aberration of the unstretched lens becomes less negative with age.Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01EY14225, R01EY021834, and F31EY021444 Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award individual predoctoral fellowship [BM]), and center Grant P30EY14801; Australian government Cooperative Research Centre Scheme (Vision CRC); Florida Lions Eye Bank; Karl R. Olsen and Martha E. Hildebrandt; an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness; Henri and Flore Lesieur Foundation (JMP); Spanish government Grant FIS2011-25637; and European Research Council Grants ERC-2011-AdG-294099 and CSIC i-LINKþ0609Peer Reviewe

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein associates with cardiovascular disease by a vicious cycle of atherosclerosis and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a therapeutic target. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is known to be associated with excessive inflammation and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism. Chronic inflammatory diseases confer an elevated risk of premature atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events. Whether oxLDL may serve as a potential biomarker for CVD stratification in populations with chronic inflammatory conditions remains understudied.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between oxLDL and CVD (defined by incident CVD events, carotid intima-media thickness, presence of coronary plaque) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using studies published between 2000 and 2022 from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase (Elsevier), CINHAL (EBSCOhost), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science: Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics) databases on the relationship between oxLDL and cardiovascular risk on inflamed population. The pooled effect size was combined using the random effect model and publication bias was assessed if P < 0.05 for the Egger or Begg test along with the funnel plot test.ResultsA total of three observational studies with 1,060 participants were ultimately included in the final meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that oxLDL is significantly increased in participants with CVD in the setting of chronic inflammatory conditions. This meta-analysis suggests that oxLDL may be a useful biomarker in risk stratifying cardiovascular disease in chronically inflamed patients

Human rights and community work. Complementary theories and practices

Much effort has been placed on developing international understandings of human rights without the corresponding attention to responsibilities. The authors argue that a community development framework may be useful in re-conceiving human rights in a more holistic way, and that social workers and community development workers are well placed to be 'grass roots human rights workers

Long Lasting Local and Systemic Inflammation after Cerebral Hypoxic ischemia in Newborn Mice

Background: Hypoxic ischemia (HI) is an important cause of neonatal brain injury and subsequent inflammation affects neurological outcome. In this study we performed investigations of systemic and local activation states of inflammatory cells from innate and adaptive immunity at different time points after neonatal HI brain injury in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings: We developed a multiplex flow cytometry based method combined with immunohistochemistry to investigate cellular immune responses in the brain 24 h to 7 months after HI brain injury. In addition, functional studies of ex vivo splenocytes after cerebral hypoxic ischemia were performed. Both central and peripheral activation of CD11b + and CD11c + antigen presenting cells were seen with expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and MHC-II, indicating active antigen presentation in the damaged hemisphere and in the spleen. After one week, naïve CD45rb + T-lymphocytes were demonstrated in the damaged brain hemisphere. In a second phase after three months, pronounced activation of CD45rb 2 T-lymphocytes expressing CD69 and CD25 was seen in the damaged hemisphere. Brain homogenate induced proliferation in splenocytes after HI but not in controls. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings demonstrate activation of both local and systemic immune responses months after hypoxic ischemic neonatal brain injury. The long term immune activation observed is of general importance for future studies of the inflammatory response after brain injury as most previous studies have focused on the first few weeks afte

Association of Apremilast With Vascular Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Patients With Psoriasis: The VIP-A Phase 4, Open-label, Nonrandomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is commonly used for psoriasis and can cause weight loss. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between apremilast and aortic vascular inflammation as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), cardiometabolic markers (primary outcomes at week 16), and abdominal fat composition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-arm, open-label, interventional, nonrandomized clinical trial in which the imaging and laboratory outcomes were measured by an investigator who was blinded to time was conducted between April 11, 2017, and August 17, 2021, at 7 dermatology sites in the United States. A total of 101 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were screened, 70 enrolled, 60 completed week 16, and 39 completed week 52. INTERVENTION: Apremilast, 30 mg, twice daily. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Aortic vascular inflammation (measured by FDG-PET/CT), 68 cardiometabolic biomarkers, and abdominal fat composition (measured by CT) at week 16 and week 52 compared with baseline. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the 70 patients was 47.5 (14.6) years, 54 were male (77.1%), 4 were Black (5.7%), and 58 were White (82.9%). There was no change in aortic vascular inflammation at week 16 (target to background ratio, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.05; P = .61) or week 52 (target to background ratio, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.01; P = .09) compared with baseline. At week 16, potentially beneficial decreases in interleukin 1b, valine, leucine, isoleucine, fetuin A, and branched-chain amino acids were observed. At week 52 compared with baseline, potentially beneficial decreases in ferritin, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and ketone bodies, with an increase in apolipoprotein A-1, were observed, but there was a reduction in cholesterol efflux. There was an approximately 5% to 6% reduction in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity at week 16 that was maintained at week 52. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that apremilast has a neutral association with aortic vascular inflammation, variable but generally beneficial associations with a subset of cardiometabolic biomarkers, and associations with reductions in visceral and subcutaneous fat, indicating that the drug may have an overall benefit for patients with cardiometabolic disease and psoriasis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03082729

Identification of Novel Antimalarial Chemotypes via Chemoinformatic Compound Selection Methods for a High-Throughput Screening Program against the Novel Malarial Target, PfNDH2: Increasing Hit Rate via Virtual Screening Methods

Malaria is responsible for approximately 1 million deaths annually; thus, continued efforts to discover new antimalarials are required. A HTS screen was established to identify novel inhibitors of the parasite's mitochondrial enzyme NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2). On the basis of only one known inhibitor of this enzyme, the challenge was to discover novel inhibitors of PfNDH2 with diverse chemical scaffolds. To this end, using a range of ligand-based chemoinformatics methods, ~17000 compounds were selected from a commercial library of ~750000 compounds. Forty-eight compounds were identified with PfNDH2 enzyme inhibition IC(50) values ranging from 100 nM to 40 μM and also displayed exciting whole cell antimalarial activity. These novel inhibitors were identified through sampling 16% of the available chemical space, while only screening 2% of the library. This study confirms the added value of using multiple ligand-based chemoinformatic approaches and has successfully identified novel distinct chemotypes primed for development as new agents against malaria

Optical Power of the Isolated Human Crystalline Lens

PURPOSE. To characterize the age dependence of isolated human crystalline lens power and quantify the contributions of the lens surfaces and refractive index gradient. METHODS. Experiments were performed on 100 eyes of 73 donors (average 2.8 Ϯ 1.6 days postmortem) with an age range of 6 to 94 years. Lens power was measured with a modified commercial lensmeter or with an optical system based on the Scheiner principle. The radius of curvature and asphericity of the isolated lens surfaces were measured by shadow photography. For each lens, the contributions of the surfaces and the refractive index gradient to the measured lens power were calculated by using optical ray-tracing software. The age dependency of these refractive powers was assessed. RESULTS. The total refractive power and surface refractive power both showed a biphasic age dependency. The total power decreased at a rate of Ϫ0.41 D/y between ages 6 and 58.1, and increased at a rate of 0.33D/y between ages 58.1 and 82. The surface contribution decreased at a rate of Ϫ0.13 D/y between ages 6 and 55.2 and increased at a rate of 0.04 D/y between ages 55.2 and 94. The relative contribution of the surfaces increased by 0.17% per year. The equivalent refractive index also showed a biphasic age dependency with a decrease at a rate of Ϫ3.9 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 per year from ages 6 to 60.4 followed by a plateau. CONCLUSIONS. The lens power decreases with age, due mainly to a decrease in the contribution of the gradient. The use of a constant equivalent refractive index value to calculate lens power with the lens maker formula will underestimate the power of young lenses and overestimate the power of older lenses. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:2541-2548) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-1385 T he optical power of the crystalline lens is determined by the surface curvatures, the refractive index differences at the aqueous lens and lens vitreous interfaces, and the refractive index gradient distribution within the lens. 1 Studying the optical properties of the lens (i.e., optical power, refractive index distribution, and the surface refractive contributions) in vivo is difficult because of the position of the lens behind the cornea and pupil, as well as the distortions of the posterior lens surface caused by the lens refractive index gradient. Two approaches have been used to measure the lens power in vivo. In the first approach the curvatures of the lens surface and lens thickness are measured by phakometry and ultrasonic or optical biometry. The lens power is then calculated assuming an equivalent uniform refractive index (typically, ϳ1.42). 2,3 In the second approach, the lens power is calculated from measurements of axial eye length, anterior chamber depth, corneal power, and refractive state of the eye. These parameters are input into an eye model to calculate the power required for the lens to produce an optical system that matches the measurements. 3-6 Both techniques derive the lens power from measurements of other ocular parameters. Even though recent studies have cross-validated in vivo lens biometry techniques 9 -15 A comparison of in vivo -21 The isolated lens power has been shown to decrease with age