N 1-Substitution in 2-Methyl-4(5)-Nitroimidazole. II.

During the syntheses of some new derivatives of 2-methyl-4(5)nitroimidazole with potential antitrichomonal activity, we have noticed that the substitution on N 1 did not always depend on the pH of the medium, as it has been stated by Pyman1- 4 and Grimison et al.5- 8 • Therefore, we have approached the syste matic investigations of the influence of pH on the formation of t h e 4-nitro and 5-nitroisomers of N1- s ubstituted 2-methyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole. The results obtained indicate that the conclusion of Pyman1- 4 is valid only when strongly alkylated agents are applied, e. g. dialkylsulphates and alkyl tosylates9, since, with other alkylated agents this conclusion could be applied only with restrictions· In addition, we have measured pK:i constants for some isomer pairs prepared, in order to apply the statem ent of Grimison et al.6 that the tautomer ratio, calculated from pKa values, determines the ratio of the isomers in the product mixture . In spite of the fact that the pKa measurements were in goo d accordance with some earlier perform e d6 ,10,15, N 1-substitution with a number of alkylating agents indicate that the statement of Grimison et al.5- 8 is of importance only for alkylation with dimethylsulphate under strictly d e termined conditions

Synthesen von em1gen pharmakologisch und stereochemisch interessanten Derivaten der Camphansaure

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Herstellung von Camphansaurederivaten III-XIII beschrieben. Von den Verbindungen VVIII und XIII wurde eine tuberkulostatische Wirkung erwartet. In vitro Untersuchungen der Verbindungen V-VIII ergaben jedoch durchaus negative Resultate. Die Derivate XIV-XX wurden als potentiell brauchbare chirale Reagenzien zubereitet. Silbersalz XIV wurde erfolgreich filr die Trennung von 3-Hydroxyderivaten der 1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-onen durch die Ester XVII a, b verwendet, ebenso wie Camphansaure filr die Trennung von Enantiomeren des 2-Aminobutanol-1 durch ihre diastereomeren Salze (XXII a, b)

Towards the limits of cascaded reversible (quantum-inspired) circuits

Several prototypes and proofs of concept of reversible (quantum-inspired) digital circuits have been successfully realized these last years, proving that digital reversible dual-line pass-transistor technology may be used for reversible linear computations. In order for this new technology to be used in commercial applications, several questions have to be answerd first. In particular, the number of gates possibly cascaded, the maximum reachable frequency, the maximum acceptable delays and amplitude drops are the key issues discussed in this paper

The Strange Case of Yugoslav Feminism: Feminism and Socialism in ‘the East’

The text counters the prevailing idea that there was no feminism in the socialist Eastern bloc, carefully presenting a peculiar case of Yugoslav feminism which grew out of socialist political and cultural framework. Yugoslavia was the country where the organization of the singular feminist event in the Eastern world, the conference “Comrade Woman – The New Approach?” (1978), took place. The text traces the ideas on emancipation and liberation which appeared in Yugoslav scientific and literary journals, immediately after the “Comrade Woman” and until the late 1980s, before the proclaimed fall of the Iron Curtain. The written material is grouped into three sections, according to how the so called woman’s question was elaborated. By re-reading this material, the text examines if feminism was legitimized within the dominant socialist discourse, or whether it was purely translated as something externally Western. The aim of the text is to describe how scholars and activists portrayed emancipation and liberation at that very time: to see if they negotiated or failed to negotiate Western definitions and Eastern realities. In that sense, given material is not used to simply reinforce or refute the claim that feminism was an imported Western (i.e. capitalist) product that had no place interfering with the development. of socialism. It also urges us to re-consider the common knowledges we have, in order to see how they become situated as commo