Modeling on population growth and its adaptation: A comparative analysis between Bangladesh and India

The biggest challenge in the world is population growth and determining how society and the state adapt to it as it directly affects the fundamental human rights such as food, clothing, housing, education, medical care, etc. The population estimates of any country play an important role in making the right decision about socio-economic and population development projects. Unpredictable population growth can be a curse. The purpose of this research article is to compare the accuracy process and proximity of three mathematical model such as Malthusian or exponential growth model, Logistic growth model and Least Square model to make predictions about the population growth of Bangladesh and India at the end of 21st century. Based on the results, it has been observed that the population is expected to be 429.32(in million) in Bangladesh and 3768.53 (in million) in India by exponential model, 211.70(in million) in Bangladesh and 1712.94(in million) in India by logistic model and 309.28 (in million) in Bangladesh and 2686.30 (in million) in India by least square method at the end of 2100. It was found that the projection data from 2000 to 2020 using the Logistic Growth Model was very close to the actual data. From that point of view, it can be predicted that the population will be 212 million in Bangladesh and 1713 million in India at the end of the 21st century. Although transgender people are recognized as the third sex but their accurate statistics data is not available. The work also provides a comparative scenario of how the state has adapted to the growing population in the past and how they will adapt in the future

Mathematical modeling on the transmission of COVID-19 and its reproduction numbers in SAARC countries

In the middle of December 2019, a virus known as coronavirus (COVID-19) generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARC-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. As of the 9th of March, 2022, spread to over 212 countries, causing 429 million confirmed cases and 6 million people to lose their lives worldwide. In developing countries like the South Asian area, alarming dynamic variations in the pattern of confirmed cases and death tolls were displayed. During epidemics, accurate assessment of the characteristics that characterize infectious disease transmission is critical for optimizing control actions, planning, and adapting public health interventions. The reproductive number, or the typical number of secondary cases caused by an infected individual, can be employed to determine transmissibility. Several statistical and mathematical techniques have been presented to calculate across the duration of an epidemic. A technique is provided for calculating epidemic reproduction numbers. It is a MATLAB version of the EpiEstim package's R function estimate R, version 2.2-3. in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. The three methodologies supported are 'parametric SI,' 'non-parametric SI,' and 'uncertain SI.' The present study indicated that the highest reproduction number was 12.123 and 11.861 on 5th and 14th March 2020 in India and Sri_Lanka, whereas the lowest reproduction number was the lowest was 0.300 and 0.315 in Sri_Lanka and India. The Maximum and minimum reproductive number of Bangladesh was 3.752 and 0.725. In this study, we have tried to point out the worst, best and current situation of SAARC countries

Estimation of the SARS-CoV-2 specific reproduction number in SAARC countries: A 60-days Data-driven analysis

Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was acknowledged as a global pandemic by WHO, which was first observed at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan city, China, caused by extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to the Weekly operation Update on COVID-19 (November 13, 2020) of the World Health Organization, more than 53 million confirmed cases are reported, including 1.3 million deaths. Various precautionary measures have been taken worldwide to reduce its transmission, and extensive researches are going on. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the initial number of reproductions (Ro) of the coronavirus of SAARC countries named Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, the Maldives, and Sri-Lanka for the first 60 days as the growth is exponential in the early 60 days. The reproduction numbers of coronavirus for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are 1.47, 3.86, 2.07, 1.43, 1.31, 3.22, 1.75, and 2.39 respectively. The basic reproduction number (R0) 3.86 for Bangladesh and 1.31 for Bhutan indicated that up to 60-days of the outbreak COVID-19, the epidemic was more severe in Bangladesh and less severe in Bhutan among all the SAARC countries. Our predictions can be helpful in planning alertness and taking the appropriate measures to monitor it

Use of Wireless Sensor and Microcontroller to Develop Water-level Monitoring System

This paper presents the design and development process of Wireless Data Acquisition System (WiDAS) which is a multi-sensor system for water level monitoring. It also consists of a microcontroller (ATMega8L), a data display device and an ultrasonic distance sensor (Parallax Ping). This wireless based acquisition system can communicate through RF module (Tx-Rx) from the measurement sources, such as sensors and devices as digital or analog values over a period of time. The developed system has the option to store the data in the computer memory. It was tested in real time and showed continuous and correct data. The developed system is consisting of a number of features, such as low energy consumption, easy to operate and well-built invulnerability, which cangive successful results to measure the water level. Finally, its flexibility facilitates an extensive application span for self-directed data collection with trustworthy transmission in few sparse points over huge areas

Fuzzy Logic Controller Design for Intelligent Drilling System

An intelligent drilling system can be commercially very profitable in terms of reduction in crude material and labor involvement. The use of fuzzy logic based controller in the intelligent cutting and drilling operations has become a popular practice in the ever growing manufacturing industry. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller has been designed to select the cutting parameter more precisely for the drilling operation. Specifically, different input criterion of machining parameters are considered such as the tool and material hardness, the diameter of drilling hole and the flow rate of cutting fluid. Unlikethe existing fuzzy logic based methods, which use only two input parameters, the proposed system utilizes more input parameters to provide spindle speed and feed rate information more precisely for the intelligent drilling operation

Antidiabetic Effect of Actinodaphne angustifolia and Profiling of Bioactive Metabolites using UPLC-QToF/ESI-MS Method

Diabetes mellitus adalah gangguan kronik yang menyebabkan paras glukosa darah meningkat akibat kekurangan insulin, sama ada sepenuhnya atau sebahagian. Kami menyiasat sifat antidiabetik Actinodaphne angustifolia dalam model tikus dan mengenal pasti fitokimia bioaktif dengan menggunakan kaedah UPLC-QTOF/ ESI-MS. Struktur pankreas tikus, profil lipid dan glukosa darah dinilai selepas intervensi selama satu minggu. Analisis UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti flavonoid dan terpenoid dalam ekstrak daun. Ekstrak Actinodaphne angustifolia dengan ketara meningkatkan lipoprotein berketumpatan tinggi (HDL) (p<0.05) sambil mengurangkan jumlah kolesterol (TC), lipoprotein berketumpatan rendah (LDL) dan glukosa darah. Tambahan pula, struktur seni tisu pulau pankreas juga pulih dengan baik berbanding kumpulan kawalan. Sebanyak 45 flavonoid dan 109 sebatian terpenoid telah dikenal pasti menggunakan analisis berasaskan UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS dan kajian tambahan perlu dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti agen antidiabetik yang berpotensi. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that causes elevated blood glucose levels due to a lack of insulin, either completely or partially. We investigated the antidiabetic property of Actinodaphne angustifolia in a rat model and identified the bioactive phytochemicals by using the UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS method. The rats’ pancreatic structures, lipid profile and blood glucose were assessed after a one-week intervention. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS analysis was conducted to identify flavonoids and terpenoids in the leaf extract. Actinodaphne angustifolia extract markedly increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p<0.05) while reducing total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and blood glucose. Furthermore, the tissue architecture of pancreatic islets was also well recovered as compared to the control group. A total of 45 flavonoids and 109 terpenoid compounds were identified using UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based analysis and additional studies should be undertaken to identify the potential antidiabetic agents

溶液を用いた分子層堆積(MLD)法によるポルフィリン含有ポリ尿素薄膜の作成

Supervisor:長尾　祐樹マテリアルサイエンス研究科博

Constructions Of Some Classes Of Neighbor Balanced Designs

Some classes of neighbor balanced designs in two-dimensional blocks are constructed. Some of these designs are statistically optimal and others are highly efficient when errors arising from units within each block are correlated