2,048 research outputs found
The backbone of democracy. The metainstitutional basis of modern society
The article deals with the "minimal configuration" of social institutions that ensure sustainable development not by adapting to the environment (the adaptive behaviour characteristic of traditional societies), but through uninterrupted generation and implementation of innovations that transform environment to meet the changing needs of humankind. This type of active adaptive behaviour characteristic of modern society could not be maintained in the absence of three basic "metainstitutions" of modernity, viz. 1) science, 2) the banking and exchange system, 3) institutions of representative democracy (parliaments), plus three "support institutions": 4) free press (mass media), 5) rational bureaucracy, 6) independent judiciaryyesBelgorod State National Research Universit
Evolution of kinklike fluctuations associated with ion pickup within reconnection outflows in the Earth's magnetotail
Magnetic reconnection (MR) in Earth's magnetotail is usually followed by a
systemwide redistribution of explosively released kinetic and thermal energy.
Recently, multispacecraft observations from the THEMIS mission were used to
study localized explosions associated with MR in the magnetotail so as to
understand subsequent Earthward propagation of MR outbursts during substorms.
Here we investigate plasma and magnetic field fluctuations/structures
associated with MR exhaust and ion-ion kink mode instability during a well
documented MR event. Generation, evolution and fading of kinklike oscillations
are followed over a distance of 70 000 km from the reconnection site in the
midmagnetotail to the more dipolar region near the Earth. We have found that
the kink oscillations driven by different ion populations within the outflow
region can be at least 25 000 km from the reconnection site.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Generalized Calogero-Moser systems from rational Cherednik algebras
We consider ideals of polynomials vanishing on the W-orbits of the
intersections of mirrors of a finite reflection group W. We determine all such
ideals which are invariant under the action of the corresponding rational
Cherednik algebra hence form submodules in the polynomial module. We show that
a quantum integrable system can be defined for every such ideal for a real
reflection group W. This leads to known and new integrable systems of
Calogero-Moser type which we explicitly specify. In the case of classical
Coxeter groups we also obtain generalized Calogero-Moser systems with added
quadratic potential.Comment: 36 pages; the main change is an improvement of section 7 so that it
now deals with an arbitrary complex reflection group; Selecta Math, 201
Casimir eigenvalues for universal Lie algebra
For two different natural definitions of Casimir operators for simple Lie
algebras we show that their eigenvalues in the adjoint representation can be
expressed polynomially in the universal Vogel's parameters and give explicit formulae for the generating functions of these
eigenvalues.Comment: Slightly revised versio
Conserved Charges in the Principal Chiral Model on a Supergroup
The classical principal chiral model in 1+1 dimensions with target space a
compact Lie supergroup is investigated. It is shown how to construct a local
conserved charge given an invariant tensor of the Lie superalgebra. We
calculate the super-Poisson brackets of these currents and argue that they are
finitely generated. We show how to derive an infinite number of local charges
in involution. We demonstrate that these charges Poisson commute with the
non-local charges of the model
On Spin Calogero-Moser system at infinity
We present a construction of a new integrable model as an infinite limit of Calogero models of N particles with spin. It is implemented in the multicomponent Fock space. Explicit formulas for Dunkl operators, the Yangian generators in the multicomponent Fock space are presented. The classical limit of the system is examined
β-Polymorph of phenazepam: a powder study
The title compound [systematic name: 7-bromo-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one] (β-polymorph), C15H10BrClN2O, has been obtained via cryomodification of the known α-polymorph of phenazepam [Karapetyan et al. (1979 ▶). Bioorg. Khim.
5, 1684–1690]. In both polymorphs, the molecules, which differ only in the dihedral angles between the aromatic rings [75.4 (2)° and 86.2 (3)° in the α- and β-polymorphs, respectively], are linked into centrosymmetric dimers via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure of the β-polymorph, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further link these dimers into layers parallel to bc plane
Quantitative magnetotail characteristics of different magnetospheric states
Quantitative relationships allowing one to compute the lobe magnetic field, flaring angle and tail radius, and to evaluate magnetic flux based on solar wind/IMF parameters and spacecraft position are obtained for the middle magnetotail, <i>X</i>=(–15,–35)<i>R<sub>E</sub></i>, using 3.5 years of simultaneous Geotail and Wind spacecraft observations. For the first time it was done separately for different states of magnetotail including the substorm onset (SO) epoch, the steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) and quiet periods (Q). In the explored distance range the magnetotail parameters appeared to be similar (within the error bar) for Q and SMC states, whereas at SO their values are considerably larger. In particular, the tail radius is larger by 1–3 <i>R<sub>E</sub></i> at substorm onset than during Q and SMC states, for which the radius value is close to previous magnetopause model values. The calculated lobe magnetic flux value at substorm onset is ~1GWb, exceeding that at Q (SMC) states by ~50%. The model magnetic flux values at substorm onset and SMC show little dependence on the solar wind dynamic pressure and distance in the tail, so the magnetic flux value can serve as an important discriminator of the state of the middle magnetotail.<br><br> <b>Key words.</b> Magnetospheric physics (solar windmagnetosphere- interactions, magnetotail, storms and substorms
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