An Analysis of Service Rendered by Srivilliputhur Primary Agriculture Co-Operative Society

Srivilliputhur Primary Agriculture Co-operative Society (SPACS) was established in the year 1966 by A.Sundarajan, the founder of SPACS. The Society was registered on 29th October 1966. Then it makes its commencement on 31st October 1966.At present Mrs.Z.TajNoor is the special officer in the society and R.S.Govidan is the secretary of the society.   It is located near N.G.O.colony, opposite to Lions Matriculation Secondary school in Srivilliputhur. The deposit branch office located at North Car Street, Srivilliputhur. The main object of the society is to provide the financial assistance to farmers, since the society is located near cultivable lands. It is easy for the agriculturists to approach the society for obtaining various types of agricultural loans. 18 villages and more than 2100 agricultural family members are being benefited under SPAC society. SPAC society is providing finance for 29 acres cultivable land. At the beginning of the year 2011-2012 at 6127 members getting loan from the society and then 1132 members were benefited under SPACS during the end of the year. At the present 12 members are working in the SPAC society. Sugarcane, paddy, banana, coconut, chilly, groundnut and cotton is the major crops cultivated in the area under SPAC society

A study of efficacy of intramuscular injection tramadol as labour analgesic and labour accelerator in 400 primigravida patients in latent phase of first stage of labour

Background: Labour pain is among the most severe pain experienced by women. Most women like to experience labour birth with active involvement and as naturally as possible. Hence, the need for analgesia to overcome labour pains is highly requested by women today. In developing nations where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, intra muscular opioids can be used. The aim was to know the effect of Tramadol in labour analgesia and reduction in the duration of labour and to know the maternal and neonatal outcome after administration of TramadolMethods: This study was conducted in tertiary teaching care hospital in 400 low risk primigravidae who fulfilled selection criteria with full-term pregnancy with vertex presentation in late latent phase of labour were selected and given 100 mg tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly.Results: The degree of pain relief in 1 st and 2 nd stage of labour, duration of labour, Apgar score of neonates and side effect of drugs were studied. In this study 23.5% of patients had grade II pain, 38.5% of patients had grade III pain and 38% of patients had no pain relief after Tramadol administration. Before drug, the mean pain score is 3.86 in stage I. After drug administration the mean pain score is 3.14 in stage I and 3.81 in stage II. The duration of first and second stage of labour also shortened.Conclusions: In low risk Primigravidae, IM Tramadol hydrochloride appears to be effective without side effects. Hence, in developing nations, where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, IM opioids can be considered as suitable alternatives

Does mild hyperglycemia in 75gm Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) affect outcome in pregnant women?

Background: Glucose tolerance in pregnancy is fundamentally linked to fetal growth. The relationship between maternal glycemia and adverse outcomes is a continuous process, with no distinct cut off point for increased risk. The objective of the study is to find out whether mild hyperglycemia in 2 hour 75 gm Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) affects maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women.Methods: This case control study was conducted in SRM Medical College during a 10-month period. Mild hyperglycemia was diagnosed when the - 2hour non- fasting 75gm GTT was between 120-139 mg/dl and Controls were women with 2hour nonfasting 75gm GTT <120mg/dl. Maternal and neonatal parameters were noted and the results were compared.Results: During the study period 142 delivered women had mild hyperglycemia, of which 10 patients on subsequent blood sugar monitoring required insulin for blood sugar control. There was significant family history of diabetes in women with mild hyperglycemia when compared to controls. There was no significant difference in incidence of hypertension, hypothyroidism, preterm delivery and caesarean section between the two groups. LGA (Large for gestational age babies) (p=0.001) and serum triglyceride levels (p=0.04) were significantly more in women with mild hyperglycemia when compared to controls.Conclusions: Mild hyperglycemia during pregnancy should not be ignored and periodic blood sugar monitoring should be done to improve maternal and fetal outcome

Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

The indigenous egg parasitic fungal isolates, Engyodontium aranearum was evaluated for its nematicidal potential against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The study revealed 53.75 per cent egg parasitization by the fungal isolate. Fungal colonies grew over the eggs and fungal hyphae penetrated the egg shells resulting in rupturing of egg shell layers, enzymatic digestion and empty eggs. The fungal culture filtrate was found to inhibit egg hatching by 83.42 per cent and caused upto 91.36 per cent juvenile mortality. This isolate also reduced the attraction of infective juveniles towards tomato root by 79.29 per cent. It seems to be a first report on the antinemic property of the fungus E. aranearum against root knot nematode, M. incognita and its effect was found comparable with Paecilomyces lilacinus which is known as an efficient nematode egg parasitic fungus

A retrospective study of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life threatening emergency in first trimester of pregnancy and it leads to serious maternal morbidity and also can cause mortality. The aim was to study the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors and the management of patients with ectopic pregnancies admitted in our hospital over three year period.Methods: The present study involves a retrospective analysis of ectopic pregnancies admitted in SRM Medical college hospital for three years from 2012 to 2015.Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the present study is 1.77%. About 79% of the women were in the age group of 21-30 years. About 79% of patients in present study belonged to low socioeconomic status. In the study ectopic pregnancies were more common among multigravida (78%). 73% of patients had identifiable risk factors of which tubal surgeries were more common (31.15%). Ultrasound was diagnostic of ectopic pregnancy in 85% of patients. 97.26% were tubal ectopic pregnancies and 2.74% were ovarian ectopic pregnancies. Among tubal pregnancies majority of cases were ampullary pregnancies (62%). All patients in the study underwent surgical management.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is still a major challenge in gynaecological practice. Early diagnosis and early referral is the key to successful management. It is better to over diagnose an ectopic pregnancy especially in a rural setup. Most cases present late, making tubal conservation treatment inapplicable. The impact on future fertility can be improved by focusing on primary prevention and early diagnosis before rupture so that conservation treatment can be done

A comparative study of ovulation induction with clomiphene versus clomiphene and bromocriptine in follicular phase of normoprolactinemic PCOS women

Background: Hypothalamic pituitary axis dysfunction accounts for majority of ovulatory disorders and a predominant cause of women with PCOS. There is a dopaminergic control on gonadotropin secretion. In normoprolactinemic PCOS patients transient rise in serum prolactin can be observed during the late follicular phase and luteal phase. So, the aim of the study is to know the effect of bromocriptine and clomiphene in ovulation induction as compared to clomiphene alone.Methods: Based on the various inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventy patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The patients in the first group were treated with tablet of clomiphene citrate (100 mg) from day 3 to day 7 of each cycle. The patients in the other group received 100mg of clomiphene citrate from day 3 to day 7 of each cycle and tablet bromocriptine (2.5 mg) from day5 to day14. Both groups were followed up with follicular study for three months. At the end of the three cycles the hormonal statuses of the patients were determined.Results: There was no significant difference found in other hormones like serum FSH, LH and estradiol in both groups. The follicular diameter and the average endometrial thickness was increased to a significant level in the CC+Bcrt group as compared to the CC group. The rate of ovulation and pregnancy rate was higher in combination group.Conclusions: Bromocriptine with clomiphene in follicular phase has an advantage of improving follicular diameter, endometrial thickness and hence ovulation and pregnancy rates.

The study of antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection

Background: present study is done to study the antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection. Objectives of this study were to study the bacterial etiology of CAUTI, to study the prevalence of various bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection, the antibiogram (sensitivity and resistance) pattern of isolated bacteria and the percentage of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the study population.Methods: In this prospective observational study, under aseptic precautions, urine sample was taken after 48 hours of catheterization and sent for culture and sensitivity pattern is studied.Results: In this study 500 urine samples were cultured and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern was observed. Out of the 53 culture positive samples most the subjects had asymptomatic bacteriuria. The study gave the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) to be 10.6% and about 9% were polymicrobial. In this study about 7 causative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli were the most common organism that was isolated. On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate, it has been observed that all of them are multidrug resistant and the sensitivity pattern is migrating towards higher antibiotics.Conclusions: Empirical use of antibiotics must be avoided and antibiotics must be used only after sensitivity testing. This will help in selection of the appropriate antibiotic for therapeutic use and prevent indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics. This will also improve the cost efficiency and decrease the duration of hospital stay

Extraction and characterization of fish visceral protease from Carangoides malabaricus and its potential application in detergent and pharmaceutical industries.

Fish viscera have innumerable potential applications being the rich source of digestive enzymes, especially proteases. In order to assess the bio prospecting of fish processing wastes as natural wealth to obtain value added bioactive compounds, the visceral wastes of Carangoides malabaricus were characterized. This study involves the characterization of crude visceral protease extract from C. malabaricus and its potential application as a destainer. The optimum activity and stability of the crude visceral protease was observed at pH 9.0 and 50°C. This alkaline proteolytic crude extract was then tested for its potential application as destainer and it showed better stain removing efficiency. Characterization studies revealed that metal ions like Calcium chloride, surfactants like Tween 20 and SDS, inhibitors like PMSF influenced the activity and stability of the crude Visceral Protease. The present study also inferred that, crude visceral protease enzyme from C. malabaricus along with shrimp shell hydrolysate displayed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (58.11%), Reducing activity (1.89 mg/ml) and Chelating ability (73.6%). As a whole, this study confirmed possible application of Visceral Protease from C. malabaricus in detergent and pharmaceutical industries

Knowledge, attitude towards human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine among medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the awareness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and vaccination among the young students of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among the students of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The students were assured of the confidentiality and were provided a questionnaire about HPV infection and HPV vaccine.Results: About 94.3% of students implicated that HPV is a causative agent of cervical cancer and 5.7% students didn’t know about the association. About 72.1% were aware of the availability of the vaccine to be immunized against HPV infection but 3.3% answered wrongly and 24.6% didn’t know about it. Thirty one percent students knew the correct age of initiation of the vaccination, 23% answered wrongly and about 45.9% of the students didn’t know the answer. Only 4.1 % of the students have been vaccinated with HPV vaccine. About 63.9% students didn’t agree to vaccinate themselves against HPV as they felt it would give a false sense of security and 68.8% of the students were against the routine vaccination of the young Indian population against HPV as the sexual exposure occurs at late age. 73% students referred the age of vaccination to be >25 years.Conclusions: Lack of knowledge among medical students can be detrimental to the health of the society. So there is a need to create awareness among the future health educators against various aspects of HPV, cervical cancers and its prevention

Analysis of adnexal masses requiring reoperation following hysterectomy

Background: Generally, we would like to preserve ovaries during hysterectomy for benign conditions. Many of them come back with ovarian cysts and pain abdomen. Recently there were ten cases of residual ovaries requiring surgery during a year period which made us analyze these cases.Methods: This retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. Data about residual ovaries requiring surgery were retrieved from the medical records department and operation records and analyzed.Results: There were ten cases of residual ovaries from January 2015 to December 2015 requiring surgery. In 70% of patients, residual ovary syndrome occurred within 5 years of hysterectomy. Majority (80%) of them were following abdominal hysterectomy. The most common symptom among these patients was chronic pelvic pain. Pelvic adhesions were present in most of the cases. Follicular cyst and hemorrhagic corpus luteum were the commonest pathological findings in the residual ovaries (50%). There were two cases of endometriotic cyst and a case of secondary malignant ovarian tumor with primary growth from stomach in a 40 year old woman for whom hysterectomy was performed five years ago for adenomyosis.Conclusions: When the ovaries are preserved the woman should be properly counseled and should undergo periodic clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up