3,338 research outputs found
A cesium gas strongly confined in one dimension : sideband cooling and collisional properties
We study one-dimensional sideband cooling of Cesium atoms strongly confined
in a far-detuned optical lattice. The Lamb-Dicke regime is achieved in the
lattice direction whereas the transverse confinement is much weaker. The
employed sideband cooling method, first studied by Vuletic et al.\cite{Vule98},
uses Raman transitions between Zeeman levels and produces a spin-polarized
sample. We present a detailed study of this cooling method and investigate the
role of elastic collisions in the system. We accumulate of the atoms
in the vibrational ground state of the strongly confined motion, and elastic
collisions cool the transverse motion to a temperature of K=, where is the oscillation
frequency in the strongly confined direction. The sample then approaches the
regime of a quasi-2D cold gas. We analyze the limits of this cooling method and
propose a dynamical change of the trapping potential as a mean of cooling the
atomic sample to still lower temperatures. Measurements of the rate of
thermalization between the weakly and strongly confined degrees of freedom are
compatible with the zero energy scattering resonance observed previously in
weak 3D traps. For the explored temperature range the measurements agree with
recent calculations of quasi-2D collisions\cite{Petr01}. Transparent analytical
models reproduce the expected behavior for and also for where the 2D
features are prominent.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure
Efficient channeling of fluorescence photons from single quantum dots into guided modes of optical nanofiber
We experimentally demonstrate the efficient channeling of fluorescence
photons from single q-dots on optical nanofiber into the guided modes, by
measuring the photon-count rates through the guided and radiation modes
simultaneously. We obtain the maximum channeling efficiency to be 22.0
(\pm4.8)% at fiber diameter of 350 nm for the emission wavelength of 780 nm.
The results may open new possibilities in quantum information technologies for
generating single photons into single-mode optical-fibers.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
AC electric trapping of neutral atoms
We study the dynamic behavior of ultracold neutral atoms in a macroscopic ac
electric trap. Confinement in such a trap is achieved by switching between two
saddle-point configurations of the electric field. The gradual formation of a
stably trapped cloud is observed and the trap performance is studied versus the
switching frequency and the symmetry of the switching cycle. Additionally, the
electric field in the trap is mapped out by imaging the atom cloud while the
fields are still on. Finally, the phase-space acceptance of the trap is probed
by introducing a modified switching cycle. The experimental results are
reproduced using full three-dimensional trajectory calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures, updated version, added journal referenc
An AC electric trap for ground-state molecules
We here report on the realization of an electrodynamic trap, capable of
trapping neutral atoms and molecules in both low-field and high-field seeking
states. Confinement in three dimensions is achieved by switching between two
electric field configurations that have a saddle-point at the center of the
trap, i.e., by alternating a focusing and a defocusing force in each direction.
AC trapping of 15ND3 molecules is experimentally demonstrated, and the
stability of the trap is studied as a function of the switching frequency. A 1
mK sample of 15ND3 molecules in the high-field seeking component of the
|J,K>=|1,1> level, the ground-state of para-ammonia, is trapped in a volume of
about 1 mm^3
Trapping of Rb atoms by ac electric fields
We demonstrate trapping of an ultracold gas of neutral atoms in a macroscopic
ac electric trap. Three-dimensional confinement is obtained by switching
between two saddle-point configurations of the electric field. Stable trapping
is observed in a narrow range of switching frequencies around 60 Hz. The
dynamic confinement of the atoms is directly visualized at different phases of
the ac switching cycle. We observe about 10^5 Rb atoms in the 1 mm^3 large and
several microkelvins deep trap with a lifetime of approximately 5 s.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; updated version, added journal referenc
Analysis of previous microscopic calculations for second state in C in terms of 3-alpha particle Bose-condensed state
The wave function of the second state of C which was obtained
long time ago by solving the microscopic 3 problem is shown to be
almost completely equivalent to the wave function of the 3 condensed
state which has been proposed recently by the present authors. This equivalence
of the wave functions is shown to hold in two cases where different effective
two-nucleon forces are adopted. This finding gives strong support for
interpreting the second state of C which is the key state for the
synthesis of C in stars ('Hoyle' state), and which is one of the typical
mysterious states in light nuclei, as a gas-like structure of three
particles, Bose-condensed into an identical s-wave function.Comment: revtex, 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Trapping of Neutral Rubidium with a Macroscopic Three-Phase Electric Trap
We trap neutral ground-state rubidium atoms in a macroscopic trap based on
purely electric fields. For this, three electrostatic field configurations are
alternated in a periodic manner. The rubidium is precooled in a magneto-optical
trap, transferred into a magnetic trap and then translated into the electric
trap. The electric trap consists of six rod-shaped electrodes in cubic
arrangement, giving ample optical access. Up to 10^5 atoms have been trapped
with an initial temperature of around 20 microkelvin in the three-phase
electric trap. The observations are in good agreement with detailed numerical
simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Alpha cluster condensation in 12C and 16O
A new -cluster wave function is proposed which is of the
-particle condensate type. Applications to C and O show
that states of low density close to the 3 resp. 4 -particle threshold
in both nuclei are possibly of this kind. It is conjectured that all
self-conjugate 4 nuclei may show similar features.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables, 2 figure
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