The Modifications of the Main Façade of the Spanish Senate Palace

In the historical study of the Senate Building façades have been given the interventions taken after the Civil War (1936-1939). The first phase began around 1951, under the responsibility of the architect Ambrós Escanellas who justified the reconstruction of the façades because the plaster and renderings were in dire conditions and broken stone areas affected by frosting. According to the photographic documentation, there was a complete removing of lining facade of the Plaza de la Marina, and the dismantling of all its ornamental elements. It indicated that in the works to be performed, apply a veneer artificial stone "polished arcosite Butsems" made from portland cement according to XRD analysis carried out. It was also expanding the second floor to 1969-1974. In any case the evolution of the fronts are the result of a process to adapt the set to new uses and the currents of modernization. The South front in particular is the most documented by changes in the church of the former Augustinian monastery (1581-1601) to become Courts Salon to 1814 and later Plenary Salon

II Jornadas de Investigación en la Construcción (IETcc-CSIC). Conclusiones

The article discusses the conclusions reached during the 2nd CONGRESS ON CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH held on 22 and 24 May 2008 at the Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, a Spanish National Research Council body. The Congress was designed to be a new encounter for the exchange of opinions among all the public and private research institutions, as well as the companies and professionals, working in the field and a forum for debate on research and innovation needs in the construction industry. The Congress also constituted an opportunity for disseminating and discussing research underway or in the planning, both to encourage new research endeavours and coordinate the advances made. The text analyzes the papers submitted, first globally, indicating the percentage addressing each subject area compared to the first (2005) edition of the Congress, and then separately, with a list of the respective conclusions.Se presentan las conclusiones de las II JORNADAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN CONSTRUCCIÓN que se llevaron a cabo entre los días 22 y 24 de mayo del 2008, en el Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. El objetivo de las Jornadas fue el de constituir un nuevo encuentro que permitiera el intercambio de opinión entre todas los organismos de investigación que trabajan en el sector, tanto públicos como privados, así como con los industriales y profesionales del mismo y permitir un debate sobre las necesidades de investigación e innovación en el área de la construcción. Por otra parte las Jornadas permitieron la difusión y la discusión de los trabajos de investigación en marcha o en preparación, para incentivar el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos de investigación, y coordinar sus logros. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de los trabajos presentados, primero de forma global, con indicación de los porcentajes de trabajos en los distintos temas y comparación con las I Jornadas de 2005, y después de forma independiente para cada uno de los temas, incluyendo las conclusiones de los mismos

Resilience to cope with climate change in urban areas - A multisectorial approach focusing on water - The RESCCUE project

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordThe RESCCUE Project is an H2020 research project that aims to help cities around the world to become more resilient to physical, social, and economic challenges, using the water sector as the central point of the approach. RESCCUE will generate models and tools to bring this objective to practice, while delivering a framework enabling city resilience assessment, planning and management. This will be achieved by integrating software tools, methods, and new knowledge related to the detailed urban services performance into novel and promising loosely coupled models (integrated models), multi-risk assessment method, and a comprehensive resilience platform. These tools will allow urban resilience assessment from a multisectorial approach, for current and future climate change scenarios, including multiple hazards and cascading effects. The RESCCUE approach will be implemented in three EU cities (Barcelona, Bristol, and Lisbon) and, with the support of UN-Habitat, disseminate their results among other cities belonging to major international networks. The aim of this paper is to present the main goals of this project, as well as the approach followed and the main expected results after the four years of implementation, so other cities around the world can use the RESCCUE approach to increase their resilience.The RESCCUE Project (RESilience to cope with Climate Change in Urban arEas—a multisectorial approach focusing on water) has received funding from European Commission by means of Horizon 2020, the EU Framework Program for Research and Innovation, under Grant Agreement No. 700174

A vision about lifelong learning and its barriers

Around 25 years ago, some researchers argued for moving towards innovative learning models characterized by being more personalized and where the students would have a more active role in deciding what to learn, when to learn and how to learn. Nowadays, there is a need for a flexible, efficient, universal and lifelong education. Lifelong learning is fully integrated into our society and, from the student point of view, it is very different from regular learning. Among these differences there is the maturity of students, the fact that the domains of interest are much broader, the way how learning occurs at different depths, the fact that the topics to study may be related both to work, family and leisure, and that students have little availability due to their necessity to conciliate home, work, leisure and learning. Lifelong learning requires personalized models that adapt to students'' needs and constraints, but lifelong learners keep suffering from models that are neither adapted to their necessities, nor to the needs of society. This paper reflects on the actual situation of lifelong learning, analyses some of the relevant literature and discusses the challenges to conceptualize, from a transdisciplinary point of view, innovative e-learning models that promote self-determination of students

Correction: Russo, B., et al. Assessment of urban flood resilience in barcelona for current and future scenarios. the resccue project. (Sustainability 2020, 12, 5638)

The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [1]. The changes are as follows: (1) Replacing Table 4. Reference 1. Russo, B.; Velasco, M.; Locatelli, L.; Sunyer, D.; Yubero, D.; Monjo, R.; Martínez-Gomariz, E.; Forero-Ortiz, E.; Sánchez-Muñoz, D.; Evans, B.; et al. Assessment of Urban Flood Resilience in Barcelona for Current and Future Scenarios. The RESCCUE Project. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5638. [CrossRef]