Using Direct Instruction To Teach Compliance To Seriously Noncompliant Students

This research study investigated the effectiveness of a direct instruction program (Treatment 2) for increasing compliance with teachers\u27 instructions in students for whom manipulation of conventional antecedent stimuli and consequences {Treatment 1) had not resulted in adequate compliance. Five students participated in this study. A multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Introduction of Treatment 2 was followed by an increase in compliance by all five participants. The relationship between compliance and other appropriate classroom behaviors, as well as the relationship between compliance and qualitatively good and qualitatively poor instructions, was also investigated. Those relationships were found to exist, but they were not as strong as had been reported in earlier studies. Generalization of participants\u27 compliance with qualitatively good instructions across school staff occurred. With the exception of one participant, increases in compliance with qualitatively good instructions were maintained for up to eight weeks. Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research are presented

Logical inference approach to relativistic quantum mechanics: derivation of the Klein-Gordon equation

The logical inference approach to quantum theory, proposed earlier [Ann. Phys. 347 (2014) 45-73], is considered in a relativistic setting. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon equation for a massive, charged, and spinless particle derives from the combination of the requirements that the space-time data collected by probing the particle is obtained from the most robust experiment and that on average, the classical relativistic equation of motion of a particle holds

Gate-error analysis in simulations of quantum computers with transmon qubits

In the model of gate-based quantum computation, the qubits are controlled by a sequence of quantum gates. In superconducting qubit systems, these gates can be implemented by voltage pulses. The success of implementing a particular gate can be expressed by various metrics such as the average gate fidelity, the diamond distance, and the unitarity. We analyze these metrics of gate pulses for a system of two superconducting transmon qubits coupled by a resonator, a system inspired by the architecture of the IBM Quantum Experience. The metrics are obtained by numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation of the transmon system. We find that the metrics reflect systematic errors that are most pronounced for echoed cross-resonance gates, but that none of the studied metrics can reliably predict the performance of a gate when used repeatedly in a quantum algorithm

Proposal for an interference experiment to test the applicability of quantum theory to event-based processes

We analyze a single-particle Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiment in which the path length of one arm may change (randomly or systematically) according to the value of an external two-valued variable $x$, for each passage of a particle through the interferometer. Quantum theory predicts an interference pattern that is independent of the sequence of the values of $x$. On the other hand, corpuscular models that reproduce the results of quantum optics experiments carried out up to this date show a reduced visibility and a shift of the interference pattern depending on the details of the sequence of the values of $x$. The proposed experiment will show that: (1) it can be described by quantum theory, and thus not by the current corpuscular models, or (2) it cannot be described by quantum theory but can be described by the corpuscular models or variations thereof, or (3) it can neither be described by quantum theory nor by corpuscular models. Therefore, the proposed experiment can be used to determine to what extent quantum theory provides a description of observed events beyond the usual statistical level.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Quantum Jarzynski Relation for Pure Initial States

Since the first suggestion of the Jarzynski equality many derivations of this equality have been presented in both, the classical and the quantum context. While the approaches and settings greatly differ from one to another, they all appear to rely on the initial state being a thermal Gibbs state. Here, we present an investigation of work distributions in driven isolated quantum systems, starting off from pure states that are close to energy eigenstates of the initial Hamiltonian. We find that, for the nonintegrable system in quest, the Jarzynski equality is fulfilled to good accuracy.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Quantum Decoherence at Finite Temperatures

We study measures of decoherence and thermalization of a quantum system $S$ in the presence of a quantum environment (bath) $E$. The whole system is prepared in a canonical thermal state at a finite temperature. Applying perturbation theory with respect to the system-environment coupling strength, we find that under common Hamiltonian symmetries, up to first order in the coupling strength it is sufficient to consider the uncoupled system to predict decoherence and thermalization measures of $S$. This decoupling allows closed form expressions for perturbative expansions for the measures of decoherence and thermalization in terms of the free energies of $S$ and of $E$. Numerical results for both coupled and decoupled systems with up to 40 quantum spins validate these findings.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Possible Experience: from Boole to Bell

Mainstream interpretations of quantum theory maintain that violations of the Bell inequalities deny at least either realism or Einstein locality. Here we investigate the premises of the Bell-type inequalities by returning to earlier inequalities presented by Boole and the findings of Vorob'ev as related to these inequalities. These findings together with a space-time generalization of Boole's elements of logic lead us to a completely transparent Einstein local counterexample from everyday life that violates certain variations of the Bell inequalities. We show that the counterexample suggests an interpretation of the Born rule as a pre-measure of probability that can be transformed into a Kolmogorov probability measure by certain Einstein local space-time characterizations of the involved random variables.Comment: Published in: EPL, 87 (2009) 6000

Long-Time Correlations in Single-Neutron Interferometry Data

We present a detailed analysis of the time series of time-stamped neutron counts obtained by single-neutron interferometry. The neutron counting statistics display the usual Poissonian behavior, but the variance of the neutron counts does not. Instead, the variance is found to exhibit a dependence on the phase-shifter setting which can be explained by a probabilistic model that accounts for fluctuations of the phase shift. The time series of the detection events exhibit long-time correlations with amplitudes that also depend on the phase-shifter setting. These correlations appear as damped oscillations with a period of about 2.8 s. By simulation, we show that the correlations of the time differences observed in the experiment can be reproduced by assuming that, for a fixed setting of the phase shifter, the phase shift experienced by the neutrons varies periodically in time with a period of 2.8 s. The same simulations also reproduce the behavior of the variance. Our analysis of the experimental data suggests that time-stamped data of singleparticle interference experiments may exhibit transient features that require a description in terms of non-stationary processes, going beyond the standard quantum model of independent random events