Reliability Analysis of Link Stability in Secured Routing Protocols for MANETs

The prime characteristics of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) are infrastructure free, absence of centralized authority and dynamic nature of nodes which are more vulnerable to security attacks. Reliability and security are prime issues to protect information and nodes in a network during communication which has received more research interest in designing a dynamic secured routing scheme. QoS is set of service requirement that needs to be satisfied by the network during the data transmission in the network. From the perception of QoS best effort protocols ensure optimum network operation in a unpredictable mobile environment. The multimedia applications are intolerable towards delay and reliability which are the features of mobile network, hence the potentials of MANET were not utilized in multimedia applications. These issues of delay and reliability of packet transmission in MANET are contributed by stability of the communication link even during the mobility of the nodes Its a necessity to analyze the performance of various secured routing protocols based on the stability of the communication link in case of mobility of nodes during data transfer. This paper is focused on a comparative study of various secured reactive routing protocols in MANET signifying the connectivity stability during the mobility of the nodes

Adaptive and Self Healing Routing for Mobile AdHoc Networks Using Cross Layer Design

The construction of reliable and stable routes in a mobile ad hoc network is one of the primary research issues in equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. Mobility of nodes often leads to link failures and hence requires route reconstruction to resume the communication between the nodes. The stability factor of a route can reduce the number of times the route is changed or reconstructed. This paper presents a novel idea for discovering a stable set of routes using the metrics from multiple layers rather than depending on network layer along with a finite set of parameters to qualify a link or connecting to a node. The link stability factor and link received signal strength are considered as the main metrics to qualify the stability of a route, derived from the physical and data link layer based on bit or packet error rate, retrieved from the soft output decoder. The simulation results based on the analysis of the proposed algorithm prove to be more efficient in terms of discovering stable routes, reducing frequent reconstruction of routes and hence improving the overall performance of the network

Combining ability for yield and different quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Gene action and combining ability for yields and quality traits were analyzed by line x tester analysis in 48 crosses along with 8 lines and 6 testers to find out their usefulness in improvement of quality traits. Analysis of variance revealed that ASD 16 line and Pusa Basmati 1 and Basmati 370 testers were the good combiners for both yield and quality traits. The crosses ADT 36 / GEB 24, ASD 16 / Pusa Basmati 1, ADT 43 / Jeeragasamba, MDU 2 / Pusa Basmati 1 and MDU 5 / Improved White Ponni were identified as the good specific combiners for grain yield and some other quality characters. Dominance gene action was found to be predominant for most of the quality characters along with yield giving way for exploitation of heterosis breeding for meeting out the increasing quality preference of the consumers

The role of m-health in providing antenatal care in rural areas

Background: The maternal mortality rate is high in India and many deaths are due to preventable causes related to pregnancy. Mobile-health is an innovative strategy wherein, mobile phones are used for pregnancy tracking and giving support during the antenatal period. Aims and objectives of the study was to know the role of m-Health in providing antenatal care in rural areas.Methods: This was a prospective, comparative study carried out at Kamineni Hospital, LB Nagar, Hyderabad and the Primary Health Centres (PHC) of Uppal and Narapally, Ranga Reddy district over a period of one year nine months and consisted of 204 registered antenatal cases divided into study and control groups. Both groups received routine antenatal support and the study group, in addition received mobile health support also. Various parameters were compared in both the groups.Results: The study group had more antenatal visits, better correction of anemia, less number of patients who were lost to follow-up, and more number of Caesarean deliveries.Conclusions: Mobile health helps in pregnancy tracking and increasing the antenatal visits. It helps in timely referrals for high-risk pregnancies in remote areas and it has the potential to provide obstetric care and consultations to both low risk and at-risk women in rural areas where specialist care is not always available

Prevalence of Beta Thalassemia Trait among Antenatal Women Attending a Tertiary Care Centre

BACKGROUND: Beta thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a reduced synthesis of globin chains (Beta chains) and as a compensation, gamma or delta globin chain synthesis is increased. It is the most common and preventable single gene disorder in India. Thalassemia trait or minor is the carrier state in which the person is clinically normal but the patient carry one abnormal gene and transmits it to the next generation. Carriers can’t be recognized clinically but only by doing screening tests. Carrier frequency varies from 3 to 17% in different population .If both father and mother is carrier, there is a 25% chance in each pregnancy that children may suffer from a thalassemia major. Treatment of Thalassemic child will be cost consuming and major burden for the family and society. But the simple screening tests can identify the carrier status of mother and father. Hence identifying the carrier state among the parents may prevent the birth of severely affected child. No study was available indicating the prevalence in Tamilnadu. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of thalassemia trait among Antenatal women attending a tertiary care centre. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of beta thalassemia trait among Antenatal women attending a tertiary care centre. OBJECTIVES: 1. To Screen all Antenatal women by RBC indices and NESTROFT test for beta Thalassemia trait. 2. To measure serum Ferritin in microcytic hypochromic anaemia to rule out iron deficiency anaemia and to measure the percentage of the Hb variant by HPLC among the women with positive screening test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was done in 150 antenatal women who came for their routine check up from October 2018 to September 2019. After getting informed consent from them, blood was taken for CBC count, NESTROFT, Serum ferritin. Hemoglobin variant analysis was done by HPLC for the samples which showed MCV<80fl and MCH <27 pg and NESTROFT positive samples. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis was performed by Graph pad prism. RESULTS: HPLC analysis and Ferritin measurement showed prevalence of beta thalassemia trait in our sample was 1.3%. 30 persons (20%) had iron deficiency anaemia. Microcytosis was observed in 43 persons (28.7%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of beta thalassemia trait in antenatal women is 1.3% .MCV and MCH are not statistically significant parameters to differentiate between beta thalassemia trait and Iron deficiency anaemia. NESTROFT is superior to RBC indices but it had higher false positive rates. Our study recommends routine screening of all antenatal women during their first trimester to prevent birth of Thalassemia major child since it causes adverse effect on family and society because of cost for the treatment and morbidity and mortality associated with disease

Automated Defect Detection and Characterization on Pulse Thermography Images Using Computer Vision Techniques

Defect detection and characterization plays a vital role in predicting the life span of materials. Defect detection using appropriate inspection technologies at various phases has gained huge importance in metal production lines. It can be accomplished through wise application of non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDE). It is important to characterize defects at an early stage in order to be able to overcome them or take corrective measures. Pulse thermography is a modern NDE method that can be used for defect detection in metal objects. Only a limited amount of work has been done on automated detection and characterization of defects due to thermal diffusion. This paper proposes a system for automatic defect detection and characterization in metal objects using pulse thermography images as well as various image processing algorithms and mathematical tools. An experiment was carried out using a sequence of 250 pulse thermography images of an AISI 316 L stainless steel sheet with synthetic defects. The proposed system was able to detect and characterize defects sized 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 4 mm and 2 mm with an average accuracy of 96%, 95%, 84%, 77%, 54% respectively. The proposed technique helps in the effective and efficient characterization of defects in metal objects

Accuracy of 3D printed spine models for pre-surgical planning of complex adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in spinal surgeries: a case series

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a noticeable spinal deformity in both adult and adolescent population. In majority of the cases, the gold standard of treatment is surgical intervention. Technological advancements in medical imaging and 3D printing have revolutionised the surgical planning and intraoperative decision making for surgeons in spinal surgery. However, its applicability for planning complex spinal surgeries is poorly documented with human subjects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3D printed models for complex spinal deformities based on Cobb angles between 40° to 95°.This is a retrospective cohort study where, five CT scans of the patients with AIS were segmented and 3D printed for evaluating the accuracy. Consideration was given to the Inter-patient and acquisition apparatus variability of the CT-scan dataset to understand the effect on trueness and accuracy of the developed CAD models. The developed anatomical models were re-scanned for analysing quantitative surface deviation to assess the accuracy of 3D printed spinal models. Results show that the average of the root mean square error (RMSE) between the 3DP models and virtual models developed using CT scan of mean surface deviations for the five 3d printed models was found to be 0.5§0.07 mm. Based on the RMSE, it can be concluded that 3D printing based workflow is accurate enough to be used for presurgical planning for complex adolescent spinal deformities. Image acquisition and post processing parameters, type of 3D printing technology plays key role in acquiring required accuracy for surgical applications