Swarthmore College Special Collections Preservation Planning Project

Swarthmore College requests an NEH planning grant of $32,000 to hire an outside consultant to assess the mechanical systems and recommend sustainable environmental practices for the long-term stewardship of its three most valuable, distinctive, and distinguished humanities collections: Friends Historical Library, the Peace Collection, and the McCabe Library Rare Book Room. The College will match the grant with an in-kind contribution in excess of$8,000. This grant would enable us to fully evaluate current environmental conditions by engaging an expert consultant with a proven track record in very similar projects, and gain recommendations on how we might best address the specific problems that are adversely affecting these unique and rare collections. The collections are used regularly by students and a wide variety of humanities scholars interested in Quakerism and the history of social reform movements in North America during the last two centuries

Exploratory study of the use of community treatment orders with clients of an Ontario ACT team

Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) have raised questions about coercion, lack of autonomy, and effectiveness in reducing hospitalizations and improving service users’ quality of life. This study examined the experiences of clients and clinicians when CTOs are used in combination with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) in a recovery oriented approach. Eleven clients who were or had previously been on a CTO and eight ACT clinicians were interviewed. Although most clients had negative feelings about CTOs, some acknowledged their lives had improved. Clinicians reported that the decision to employ a CTO is sometimes debated within the team but they agreed that combining CTOs and ACT resulted in regular access to mental health supports, fewer hospitalizations and overall improvement of quality of life for their clients

Text mining analysis roadmap (TMAR) for service research

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a step-by-step text mining analysis roadmap (TMAR) for service researchers. The paper provides guidance on how to choose between alternative tools, using illustrative examples from a range of business contexts. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide a six-stage TMAR on how to use text mining methods in practice. At each stage, the authors provide a guiding question, articulate the aim, identify a range of methods and demonstrate how machine learning and linguistic techniques can be used in practice with illustrative examples drawn from business, from an array of data types, services and contexts. Findings At each of the six stages, this paper demonstrates useful insights that result from the text mining techniques to provide an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon and actionable insights for research and practice. Originality/value There is little research to guide scholars and practitioners on how to gain insights from the extensive “big data” that arises from the different data sources. In a first, this paper addresses this important gap highlighting the advantages of using text mining to gain useful insights for theory testing and practice in different service contexts. </jats:sec

Schottky Barriers on GaAs

The forward current of Schottky barriers on n-type GaAs is investigated as a function of electron concentration in the range of 8×10^17 to 8×10^18 cm^−3 at temperatures 297-4.2°K. Both vacuum-cleaved and chemically polished surfaces are used. The majority of the junctions studied are gold Schottky barriers, but tin and lead contacts are also examined. The predominant current mechanism is field emission at liquid-nitrogen temperature and below for the range of electron concentrations used. These data are in excellent quantitative agreement at 77°K with the field-emission analysis of Padovani and Stratton if one uses a two-band model for the imaginary wave number kn. At 297°K, thermionic field emission predominates, but for an electron density above 3×1018 cm−3 the field-emission mechanism with a two-band model still gives reasonable agreement

Reduction in jejunal fluid absorption in vivo through distension and cholinergic stimulation not attributable to enterocyte secretion

Jejunal fluid absorption in vivo was reduced by distension and by hydrostatic pressure and further declined on adding E. coli STa enterotoxin but no net fluid secretion was detected. Luminal atropine reduced pressure mediated reductions in fluid absorption to normal values but intravenous hexamethonium was without effect. A neural component to inhibition of absorption by pressure (though not stretch) may be mediated by axon reflexes within cholinergic neurons.Perfusion of cholinergic compounds also reduced net fluid absorption but did not cause secretion. In order to show that these actions were not secretory processes stimulated by cholinergic compounds that offset normal rates of absorption, these compounds were tested for their ability to cause net secretion in loops that were perfused with solutions in which choline substituted for sodium ion. In addition, these perfusates additionally contained E. coli STa enterotoxin or EIPA (ethyl-isopropyl-amiloride) to minimize absorption.In these circumstances, where it might be expected to do so if it were acting through a secretory rather than an absorptive mechanism, carbachol did not cause net fluid secretion. Cholinergic stimulation and pressure induced distension are thought to reduce net fluid absorption through inducing secretion but are found only to reduce fluid absorption.In conclusion, distension and cholinergic stimulation of the small intestine are two further circumstances in which fluid secretion is assumed to explain their action on fluid movement, as required by the enterocyte secretion model of secretion but, which like STa enterotoxin, instead are only able to reduce fluid absorption. This casts further doubt on the widespread validity of the enterocyte secretion model for fluid appearance in the lumen in diarrhoeal diseases

Nuclear retention of IL-1 alpha by necrotic cells: A mechanism to dampen sterile inflammation

Sterile inflammation is a host response to tissue injury that is mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dead cells. Sterile inflammation worsens damage in a number of injury paradigms. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is reported to be a DAMP released from dead cells, and is known to exacerbate brain injury caused by stroke. In the brain, IL-1α is produced by microglia, the resident brain macrophages. We found that IL-1α is actively trafficked to the nuclei of microglia, and hence tested the hypothesis that trafficking of IL-1α to the nucleus would inhibit its release following necrotic cell death, limiting sterile inflammation. Microglia subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) died via necrosis. Under these conditions, microglia expressing nuclear IL-1α released significantly less IL-1α than microglia with predominantly cytosolic IL-1α. The remaining IL-1α was immobilised in the nuclei of the dead cells. Thus, nuclear retention of IL-1α may serve to limit inflammation following cell death

Combination of gastric atrophy, reflux symptoms and histological subtype indicates two distinct aetiologies of gatric cardia cancer.

&lt;b&gt;INTRODUCTION&lt;/b&gt; Atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The role of atrophic gastritis and GORD in the aetiology of adenocarcinoma of the cardia remains unclear. We have investigated the association between adenocarcinoma of the different regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and atrophic gastritis and GORD symptoms. &lt;b&gt;METHODS&lt;/b&gt; 138 patients with upper GI adenocarcinoma and age and sex matched controls were studied. Serum pepsinogen I/II was used as a marker of atrophic gastritis and categorised to five quintiles. History of GORD symptoms, smoking and H.pylori infection was incorporated in logistic regression analysis. Lauren classification of gastric cancer was used to subtype gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. &lt;b&gt;RESULTS&lt;/b&gt; Non-cardia cancer was associated with atrophic gastritis but not with GORD symptoms; 55% of these cancers were intestinal subtype. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma was associated with GORD symptoms, but not with atrophic gastritis; 84% were intestinal subtype. Cardia cancer was positively associated with both severe gastric atrophy [OR, 95% CI: 3.92 (1.77 – 8.67)] and with frequent GORD symptoms [OR, 95% CI: 10.08 (2.29 – 44.36)] though the latter was only apparent in the nonatrophic subgroup and in the intestinal subtype. The association of cardia cancer with atrophy was stronger for the diffuse versus intestinal subtype and this was the converse of the association observed with non-cardia cancer. &lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;/b&gt; These findings indicate two distinct aetiologies of cardia cancer, one arising from severe atrophic gastritis and being of intestinal or diffuse subtype similar to non-cardia cancer, and one related to GORD and intestinal in subtype, similar to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastric atrophy, GORD symptoms and histological subtype may distinguish between gastric versus oesophageal origin of cardia cancer

Dentistry where there is no Dentist: A retrospective analysis of urgent dental care reported through the British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit (BASMU), 2015 - 2020.

File replaced (incorrect version) on 04/10/2022 by KT (LDS).AIM: To evaluate the nature of dental related morbidity in British Antarctic Survey (BAS) deployed personnel, and to compare the findings to those in other deployed population groups. Additional aims include outlining the evidence-based approach to further developing a training programme for non-dentists, to manage dental emergencies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of dental morbidity between 2015 - 2020 reported through the British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit (BASMU) database of dental reported morbidity recorded by deployed medical officers. RESULTS: Analysis and comparison of dental morbidity in deployed personnel to austere environments revealed similarity, in that relatively minor conditions led to the most significant number of presentations for personnel seeking dental advice when deployed. CONCLUSIONS: Dental morbidity for deployed personnel in austere conditions can present with a range of symptoms from relatively minor to severe. Use of best evidence to configure training packages to likely presentations, may limit likelihood of necessitating evacuation from remote locations, or limit morbidity when evacuation is not feasible