The Legal Void of Unpaid Internships: Navigating the Legality of Internships in the Face of Conflicting Tests Interpreting the FLSA Note

Unpaid internships have come under increased scrutiny for their potential illegality under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Due to the limited case law and statutory guidance regarding interns, lower courts have issued conflicting opinions on the proper analysis courts should engage in to determine whether interns are considered “employees” under federal law. Such conflicting judicial interpretation is detrimental to both employers and interns. A bright line rule for determining when an intern qualifies as an employee under the FLSA is critical to settling the uncertainty in this area of the law

PERCEPTION OF INDOENSIAN NURSING STUDENTS REGARDG CARING BEHAVIOR AND TEACHING CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR CLINICAL NURSING INSTRUCTORS

Student’s learning and performance reflects the professional attitude, behavior, ethics and standards of their instructors. The aim of this study is to analyse the perception of Indonesian Nursing students regarding caring behavior and teaching characteristics of their CNIs. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 149 Professional Nursing students from Regular program (Baccalaureate) and Post diploma BSN and 15 Clinical Nursing Instructors were recruited from nursing faculty of public university located in Surabaya Indonesia. Data were collected by questionnaire and FGD was conducted to explore detailed information. In descriptive analysis:6 % students perceived the caring behavior of their clinical instructors as low, 52.3% responds it as enough and 41.6 % considered it good. Teaching characteristics of CNI; 2.7% low, 26.8 as enough and 70.5 % good as perceived by their students.Data collected from students was analysed by using logistic regression test. Professional commitment with (P-value .038), motivation (P-value .010) and clinical placement environment (P-value .002) in main category (significance value is < 0.05) shows influence on perception of Indonesian nursing students regarding caring behaviour and teaching characteristics of their CNIs. In focused group discussion students’ recommended to increase the number of visits in clinical area and emphasises on bed side clinical demonstration. It can be concluded that students’ characteristics does have influence on their perception regarding caring behavior and clinical setting environment influence their perception regarding teaching characteristics of their CNIs. Instructors are advised to pay attention to the applicative knowledge and spend more time in clinical area to monitor, supervise and be accessible for the nursing students. Key Words: Caring behavior, Perception of nursing students, teaching characteristics, Clinical Nursing Instructo

Risk Factors of Diarrhoea in Malnourished Children Under Age of 5 Years

Background:&nbsp;Acute infectious enteritis remains one of the commonest causes of death among infants and children in developing countries. Acute enteritis is defined as a loss of stool consistency with pasty or liquid stools, and/or an increase in stool frequency to more than three stools in 24 hours with or without fever or vomiting. Human survival depends on the secretion and reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes in the intestinal tract. The objective of the study is to evaluate the risk factors of diarrhoea in children under age of 5 years. Methodology:&nbsp;It was an observational study. Study was completed in about six months.&nbsp;Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. In this study, 270 samples were taken from Diarrheal ward of The Children&nbsp;Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Results:&nbsp;In this study, out of 270 patients, 58.52% were males and 41.48% were females. 90.37% patients were vaccinated. 54.81% had weaning history. 91.85% patients had feeding history. 29.26% had blood in stool. 96.67% patients were dehydrated. 95.56% patients had loose watery diarrhoea. 62.96% patients used boiled water. 58.52% patients consumed less than half litre of water, 30.00% patients consumed 1 litre of water and 11.48% patients consumed &gt; 1 litre of water. 49.18% patients had proper hygiene. 38.15% mothers of patients were well educated. 40.37% patients had model household condition. 57.41% patients lived in rural area and 42.59% patients lived in urban area. Conclusion:&nbsp;The variation in the level of diarrheal morbidity was well explained by maternal education, income, personal hygiene, refuse disposal system and the effect of health extension programme

A Wide Multiband T-Slotted, Semicircular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A multifrequency semicircularmicrostrip antenna is designed and simulated in this paper using HFSS simulation software. The proposed antenna consists of two quarter rings in different radius with one as perfect ground and other as defect ground structure, with an inverted T-shaped slot. The relationship of the resonant frequency with different physical size parameters for the single one-quarter-ring microstrip antenna is also reported. This designed multiresonant antenna proves increase in bandwidth when defect ground is used as compared to normal or conventional ground plane. The simulation show that proposed designed antenna operates at six different frequencies of 1.7, 1.93, 2.3, 3.03, 3.57 and 3.67 GHz, respectively for normal ground whereas wide bandwidth of 500 MHz is achieved for 1.9 GHz operating frequency

Students' Feedback of Written Examination: A Public Sector Medical University Experience

Objective: To determine the students’ perceptions regarding the examination in a public sector medical university. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Islamabad. An examination feedback proforma was developed to collect the feedback from students appearing for the written exam for MD/MS/MTA during 2015. Multiple variables were assessed and descriptive analysis was done. Results: The feedback proforma was distributed to 98 candidates with response rate was 68.36%. Overall feedback from students about the examination was positive. Majority of the students were satisfied with the process and arrangements of the examination. However a large number of students did not comment on some important issues. Conclusion: Collecting students’ feedback about examination was a good effort to identify our deficiencies and indication for areas of improvement. This study revealed a positive response from students regarding overall management of the examination process

Synthesizing an Agent-Based Heterogeneous Population Model for Epidemic Surveillance

In this paper we propose a probabilistic approach to synthesize an agent-based heterogeneous population interaction model to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of an air-born epidemic, such as influenza, in a metropolitan area. The methodology is generic in nature and can generate a baseline population for cities for which detailed population summary tables are not available. The joint probabilities of population demographics are estimated using the International Public Use Microsimulation Data (IPUMS) sample data set. Agents, are assigned various activities based on several characteristics. The agent-based model for the city of Lahore, Pakistan is synthesized and a rule based disease spread model of influenza is simulated. The simulation results are visualized to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of the epidemic. The results show that the proposed model can be used by officials and medical experts to simulate an outbreak

SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF MANCOZEB FUNGICIDE ON MALE WISTAR RATS: ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF LIVER AND KIDNEY

Dithiocarbamate mancozeb, an organometallic fungicide, was administered orally to male Wistar rats in two forms, pure technical 85% and formulated 80% WP, at sublethal doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days. Clinical chemical endpoints were measured after 2, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment initiation.  Data disclosed that both compound formulations affected significantly serum enzyme activities particularly liver enzymes in a dose and time-dependent manner, compared with control. Such changes were accompanied with significant alterations in other parameters like; total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, triglycerides, cholestrol, urea, and creatinine.  Furthermore, histological examination of liver and kidney showed several histopathogenic ubnormalities in the examined tissues of rats exposed to mancozeb either technical or formulated