1,293 research outputs found
Doing the Creative Frontier: A Scientist and a Humanist Learn to Teach Humanities Together
This paper relates the story of two professors that have made a bridge between the two cultures, science and humanities. They teach a humanities course together
Kinetics of the Multiferroic Switching in MnWO
The time dependence of switching multiferroic domains in MnWO has been
studied by time-resolved polarized neutron diffraction. Inverting an external
electric field inverts the chiral magnetic component within rise times ranging
between a few and some tens of milliseconds in perfect agreement with
macroscopic techniques. There is no evidence for any faster process in the
inversion of the chiral magnetic structure. The time dependence is well
described by a temperature-dependent rise time suggesting a well-defined
process of domain reversion. As expected, the rise times decrease when heating
towards the upper boundary of the ferroelectric phase. However, switching also
becomes faster upon cooling towards the lower boundary, which is associated
with a first-order phase transition
The relevance of structural variability in the time-domain for computational reflection anisotropy spectroscopy at solid-liquid interfaces
In electrochemistry, reactions and charge-transfer are to a large extent
determined by the atomistic structure of the solid-liquid interface. Yet due to
the presence of the liquid electrolyte, many surface-science methods cannot be
applied here. Hence, the exact microscopic structure that is present under
operating conditions often remains unknown. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy
(RAS) is one of the few techniques that allow for an in operando investigation
of the structure of solid-liquid interfaces. However, an interpretation of RAS
data on the atomistic scale can only be obtained by comparison to computational
spectroscopy. While the number of computational RAS studies related to
electrochemical systems is currently still limited, those studies so far have
not taken into account the dynamic nature of the solid-liquid interface. In
this work, we investigate the temporal evolution of the spectroscopic response
of the Au(110) missing row reconstruction in contact with water by combining ab
initio molecular dynamics with computational spectroscopy. Our results show
significant changes in the time evolution of the RA spectra, in particular
providing an explanation for the typically observed differences in intensity
when comparing theory and experiment. Moreover, these findings point to the
importance of structural surface/interface variability while at the same time
emphasising the potential of RAS for probing these dynamic interfaces.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Influence of Oxygen at Atmospheric and High Pressure on the Developing Tooth Germ in Rat Embryos
Repeated exposure of pregnant rats to oxygen at high pressure (65 psi) twice a day for seven days increased the height of the tooth germ and ameloblastic layer of the embryo, but the width and odontoblastic layer were not changed. Exposure of pregnant rats to oxygen at atmospheric pressure stimulated the body growth of the embryo in utero.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68256/2/10.1177_00220345720510052501.pd
Nucleosomes in serum as a marker for cell death
The concentration of nucleosomes is elevated in blood of patients with diseases which are associated with enhanced cell death. In order to detect these circulating nucleosomes, we used the Cell Death Detection-ELISA(Plus) (CDDE) from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany) (details at http:\textbackslash{}\textbackslash{}biochem.roche.com). For its application in liquid materials we performed various modifications: we introduced a standard curve with nucleosome-rich material, which enabled direct quantification and improved comparability of the values within (CVinterassay:3.0-4.1%) and between several runs (CVinterassay:8.6-13.5%), and tested the analytical specificity of the ELISA. Because of the fast elimination of nucleosomes from circulation and their limited stability, we compared plasma and serum matrix and investigated in detail the pre-analytical handling of serum samples which can considerably influence the test results. Careless venipuncture producing hemolysis, delayed centrifugation and bacterial contamination of the blood samples led to false-positive results; delayed stabilization with EDTA and insufficient storage conditions resulted in false-negative values. At temperatures of -20 degreesC, serum samples which were treated with 10 mM EDTA were stable for at least 6 months. In order to avoid possible interfering factors, we recommend a schedule for the pre-analytical handling of the samples. As the first stage, the possible clinical application was investigated in the sera of 310 persons. Patients with solid tumors (n = 220; mean = 361 Arbitrary Units (AU)) had considerably higher values than healthy persons (n = 50; mean = 30 AU; P = 0.0001) and patients with inflammatory diseases (n = 40; mean = 296 AU; p = 0.096). Within the group of patients with tumors, those in advanced stages (UICC 4) showed significantly higher values than those in early stages (UICC 1-3) (P = 0.0004)
Immobilization of the Erupting Molar in the Syrian Hamster
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67148/2/10.1177_00220345650440061901.pd
Adapted Langa-Weir probable dementia classification outperforms other algorithms in 26 European countries without clinical dementia assessments.
editorial reviewe
Erythropoietin (EPO) increases myelin gene expression in CG4 oligodendrocyte cells through the classical EPO receptor
Erythropoietin (EPO) has protective effects in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, including in animal models of multiple sclerosis, where EPO decreases disease severity. EPO also promotes neurogenesis and is protective in models of toxic demyelination. In this study, we asked whether EPO could promote neurorepair by also inducing remyelination. In addition, we investigated whether the effect of EPO could be mediated by the classical erythropoietic EPO receptor (EPOR), since it is still questioned if EPOR is functional in non-hematopoietic cells. Using CG4 cells, a line of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we found that EPO increases the expression of myelin genes (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and myelin basic protein (MBP)). EPO had no effect in wild-type CG4 cells, which do not express EPOR, whereas it increased MOG and MBP expression in cells engineered to overexpress EPOR (CG4-EPOR). This was reflected in a marked increase in MOG protein levels, as detected by western blot. In these cells, EPO induced by 10-fold the early growth response gene 2 (Egr2), which is required for peripheral myelination. However, Egr2 silencing with a siRNA did not reverse the effect of EPO, indicating that EPO acts through other pathways. In conclusion, EPO induces the expression of myelin genes in oligodendrocytes and this effect requires the presence of EPOR. This study demonstrates that EPOR can mediate neuroreparative effects
Orientations of the lamellar phase of block copolymer melts under oscillatory shear flow
We develop a theory to describe the reorientation phenomena in the lamellar
phase of block copolymer melt under reciprocating shear flow. We show that
similar to the steady-shear, the oscillating flow anisotropically suppresses
fluctuations and gives rise to the parallel-perpendicular orientation
transition. The experimentally observed high-frequency reverse transition is
explained in terms of interaction between the melt and the shear-cell walls.Comment: RevTex, 3 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PR
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