Mapping mineral resources in a living land : Sami mining resistance in Ohcejohka, northern Finland

During the past decade, Finland has been the target of a global boom in the quest for untapped mineral resources. Based on the mapped information of mineral potential provided by the state, multinational mining corporations are making reservations for and conducting mineral explorations particularly in Finland’s peripheral regions. This paper investigates the emergence of an anti-mining movement in Ohcejohka, in northernmost Finland, in 2014–2015, and the ontological conflict manifested in the outside mapping of the land as “mineral rich” as well as the local people's various knowledges of the land as a lived place. By producing a holistic counter-mapping of their social, ancestral and meaningful landscape, the movement questioned the state’s and the company’s homogenising knowledge in the production of land and resources. While the reality-making effects of modern maps have previously been studied, the entanglements of such mappings in environmental conflicts with local ontological realities and knowledge spheres have not been extensively studied. This paper argues that rather than imposing a “one world ontology”, maps and mappings of land and resources are culmination points in environmental conflicts, where they become renegotiated, challenged and redefined in the local and dynamic enactments of reality.Peer reviewe

Discovery potential of the Standard Model Higgs in CMS at the LHC

This thesis presents the discovery potential of the Standard Model Higgs boson in the CMS experiment at the LHC. Detailed studies have been carried out to evaluate the detector performance in the difficult $\rm H\to\gamma\gamma$ channel. The electromagnetic crystal calorimeter is of main importance in this channel and it has been designed according stringent performance requirements. Test beam data of lead tungstate crystals have been analysed and it is shown that the performance of the crystals can meet the requirements. The Higgs decay into two photons has been studied with full detector simulation and the Higgs mass has been reconstructed. A potential danger for the photon measurement are the photon conversions in the detector material in front of the electromagnetic calorimeter. Different methods to recover these converted photons are developed and it is shown that, including the recovered conversions does not degrade the Higgs mass resolution. To complete the full Standard Model Higgs discovery range, studies of the other decay channels are reviewed and updated taking into account the next to leading order corrections to the cross-sections. A new study for the $\rm H\to ZZ\to2$l2$\nu$ channel shows that it can give an important contribution above m\sb{\rm H} = 400 GeV. An estimate of the integrated luminosity needed for an observable Higgs signal is derived. It is shown that a fast discovery (integrated luminosity less than 10 fb\sp{-1}) can be expected if the Higgs mass is in the range of 130-550 GeV. The most difficult regions are the low mass range (m\sb{\rm H}600 GeV). With 100 fb\sp{-1} of integrated luminosity the full mass range can be covered

Predicting Plausible Human Purkinje Network Morphology from Simulations

The Purkinje network (PN) gains more clinically importance as it becomes target for pacing in rate control and defibrillation. However, our understanding of the PN morphology arises from animal experiments, which might not transfer to humans. Therefore, we propose an automated computer simulation predicting physiological PN morphologies depending on the heart shape. It starts by generating virtual heart shapes from a statistical shape atlas and generates virtual PNs on the endocardial surface. For the combined virtual models the eikonal equation is solved to estimate the local activation times throughout the myocardium, which then feed forward to an simulation of the 12-lead surface ECG. From the simulated ECG the QRS-complex is compared against a healthy standard QRS-complex ,which allows to estimate how physiological a PN morphology is. In our model, only bundle branch bifurcation points near the base or near the apex result in physiological QRS wave forms. For the right bundle, more physiological QRS waves can be obtained when the branching point is at the apex. Only a minor dependency of the ECG on the heart shape is found. However, a strong correlation between the bundle branch bifurcation points themselves is observed

Quark cluster signatures in deuteron electromagnetic interactions

A suggestion is made for distinguishing 2N and 6q short range correlations within the deuteron. The suggestion depends upon observing high momentum backward nucleons emerging from inelastic electromagnetic scattering from a deuteron target. A simple model is worked out to see the size of effects that may be expected.Comment: 18 pages (3 figures available as hard copy), WM-94-10

Evaluation of bis-GMA/MMA resin adhesion to silica-coated and silanized titanium

The effects of pH value and alcohol solvent type of a silane solution on the bonding of an experimental resin to the silica-coated titanium (Ti) surface were studied. First, Ti surfaces underwent tribochemical Rocatec ™ treatment followed by silanization of the surface with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). Then, resin stubs based on a mixture of bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate and methyl methacrylate were bonded and light-cured onto each silica-coated Ti surface (n = 6 per group). Two different solvents for MPS, namely iso-propanol (i-PrOH)/H2O and ethanol (EtOH)/H2O were used, at pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, and shear bond strengths were tested both under dry storage conditions and after water sorption induced by accelerated aging (i.e. thermo-cycling). The shear bond strengths were also re-determined after the silane solutions had been stored at 4°C for 15 weeks before the silanization step. For dry samples, the shear bond strengths ranged from 7.5 to 10.6 MPa (ANOVA, p < 0.05) when the Ti surface had been silanized with MPS in i-PrOH/H2O, and from 6.5 to 12.4 MPa (ANOVA, p < 0.05) when the Ti surface had been silanized with MPS in EtOH/H2O at pH 4.5. Fifteen weeks of storage of the silane solution increased the shear bond strength of dry samples by ca. 1-4 MPa per test group. In contrast, thermo-cycling reduced the shear bond strength in both solvent systems. The weight of the test sample stubs increased by ca. 3.5 wt% after 187 days of being subjected to the water sorption test. © 2009 VSP.postprin

An Introduction to Silanes and Their Clinical Applications in Dentistry

Purpose: This overview presents a description of organofunctional trialkoxysilane coupling agents (silanes), their chemistry, properties, use, and some of the main clinical experiences in dentistry. Materials and Methods: The main emphasis was on major dental journals that have been reviewed from 1958 up to the latest research news from 2002. A MEDLINE search with the key words “dental silanes” was used. Special silane literature and journals outside dentistry were also cited. Results: The main emphasis is on the use of silanes in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Clinical relevance was based mainly on either short- or long-term tests. The interpretation of various results is not given, mainly because of controversial observations that may be very difficult to explain. Nevertheless, the majority of the clinical results pointed to silanes playing a significant role in the adhesion process. Silane reaction mechanisms were not entirely understood, and there exist several theories for bonding mechanisms for silanes and substrates. Conclusion: Dental materials offer a continuously challenging forum for silanes, and silanes will play an essential role in material developmen

Thromboelastometry detects enhancement of coagulation in blood by emicizumab via intrinsic pathway

Non peer reviewe

Occipital condyle fracture-A rare but severe injury in cranial fracture patients

We clarified occurrence, severity, and associated injuries of occipital condyle fractures (OCFs) in a cranial fracture population. Retrospective data of cranial fracture patients were analyzed. The outcome variable was presence of OCF in cranial fracture patients. Predictor variables were type of associated injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) value under 6, and death during hospital care. In addition, occurrence of OCF was assessed according to cranial fracture subtypes. Explanatory variables were age, sex, injury mechanism, involvement of alcohol, and high-energy injury. Treatment and outcome of OCFs were analyzed. Of 637 cranial fracture patients, 19 (3.0%) sustained an OCF, eight of whom had no other cranial fractures. In the multivariate adjusted model, increased risk for OCF was detected in patients with cervical injuries (OR 18.66, 95% CI 5.52, 63.12; p < 0.001) and facial fractures (OR 5.99, 95% CI 1.01, 35.45; p = 0.049). Patients with fractures not extending to the skull base were less likely to have OCF (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.001, 0.25; p = 0.004), and fractures localized solely to the base of the skull offered a protective effect for OCF (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06, 0.58; p = 0.003). All OCFs were treated non-operatively with a cervical collar without complications. OCF patients typically sustain other severe injuries, particularly cervical injuries and facial fractures. Careful screening for associated injuries is therefore crucial when examining a patient with OCF. The classification scheme of Mueller et al. seems to be useful in guiding the treatment of OCFs, at least type 1 and 2 fractures. (C) 2021 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

“Free”-to-play game: Governing the everyday life of digital popular culture

This research aims to uncover the transformative powers inherent and hidden in big data technologies, looking for revealing new areas for governing. By tracking information on the conduct of everyday users of digital apps, these technologies allow the game developers, in their pursuit of their own economic goals, to exploit the users. Employing empirical examples from the free-to-play gaming industry, this research demonstrates how the notion of governmentality gets a new, broader meaning in the modern digital space, where big data technologies are used for control and governing, by adding new insights to the existing knowledge on such digital spaces. The ability to analyze very effectively users’ behavioral data with the help of modern big data technologies has changed, not only the gaming industry, but also how playing games is expected to happen in our modern digital world. The calculative practices of the accounting function, generating associations between separate and distant domains, and translating complex processes into a financially comprehensible form, have been involved in transforming application consumption. From a simple mode of occasional entertainment for individuals, gaming has become a daily attention craving, constantly changing, privacy trespassing, and data generating labor process. </p

Cellulose Fibre-Reinforced Biofoam for Structural Applications

Traditionally, polymers and macromolecular components used in the foam industry are mostly derived from petroleum. The current transition to a bio-economy creates demand for the use of more renewable feedstocks. Soybean oil is a vegetable oil, composed mainly of triglycerides, that is suitable material for foam production. In this study, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and variable amounts of cellulose fibres were used in the production of bio-based foam. The developed macroporous bio-based architectures were characterised by several techniques, including porosity measurements, nanoindentation testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the introduction of cellulose fibres during the foaming process was necessary to create the three-dimensional polymer foams. Using cellulose fibres has potential as a foam stabiliser because it obstructs the drainage of liquid from the film region in these gas-oil interfaces while simultaneously acting as a reinforcing agent in the polymer foam. The resulting foams possessed a porosity of approximately 56%, and the incorporation of cellulose fibres did not affect thermal behaviour. Scanning electron micrographs showed randomly oriented pores with irregular shapes and non-uniform pore size throughout the samples