Patomorfološke promene i distribucija virusnog antigena kod ptica inficiranih patogenim sojem H5N1 virusa avijarne influence

The aim of this study was to determine pathomorphological lesions in the organs of birds infected with H5N1 avian influenza virus, presence and distribution of the viral antigen in tissue samples and the degree of their correlation. Examination was conducted on the carcasses of seven mute swans (Cygnus olor) and one domestic rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus). After necropsy, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney and intestine tissues were sampled for histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. LSAB method and H5N1 avian influenza virus nucleoprotein polyclonal antibodies were used for detecting the viral antigen in the examined tissues. The most frequent gross lesions were hemorrhages and necroses of the pancreas. Major histological lesions were multifocal necroses in the pancreas, liver and spleen, non purulent encephalitis, with neuronal dystrophy and neuronophagia. Viral nucleoprotein was immunohistochemically proven in the pancreas, brain, liver, lungs, and in one swan in the kidney. A high correlation between pathomorphological lesions and distribution of the viral antigen was determined.Cilj ovog ispitivanja je bio utvrđivanje patomorfoloških promena na organima ptica inficiranih H5N1 virusom avijarne influence, imunohistohemijsko utvrđivanje prisustva i distribucije virusnog antigena u parafinskim isečcima uzoraka njihovih organa, kao i utvrđivanje stepena njihove korelacije. Ispitivanje je izvršeno na organima sedam labudova grbaca (Cygnus olor) i jednog petla (Gallus gallus domesticus). Nakon izvršene obdukcije i makroskopskog pregleda svih organskih sistema, izvršeno je uzorkovanje tkiva mozga, traheje, pluća, jetre, slezine, pankreasa, bubrega i creva za patohistološka i imunohistohemijska ispitivanja. Korišćena je LSAB imunohistohemijska metoda sa poliklonskim antitelima na nukleoprotein virusa avijarne influence podtipa H5N1. Dominantne promene utvrđene makrokopskim pregledom bile su krvavljenja i nekroze pankreasa. Histološkim pregledom su ustanovljene multifokalne nekroze pankreasa, jetre i slezine, a u velikom mozgu promene u tipu negnojnog encefalitisa, praćene distrofijom i nekrozom nervnih ćelija i pojavom neuronofagije. Virusni nukleoprotein je imunohistohemijski dokazan u pankreasu, mozgu, jetri, plućima, slezini, a kod jednog labuda i u bubrezima. Utvrđen je visok stepen korelacije između ustanovljenih patomorfoloških promena i distribucije virusnog antigena

An Approach of Integrating Communication Services in Applications for Android-Based Digital TV Receivers

Digital TV receivers are becoming increasingly powerful devices allowing consumers to not only watch television broadcasts but also to access the Internet or communicate to other devices in the same local area network through either an Ethernet connection or by using a wireless connection. As the living room represents a meeting place for family and friends to gather and socialize in, the possibility of playing informal games using the television set as the interaction device is very attractive. This paper presents a developed application that integrates new communication capabilities of digital TV receivers running the Android OS. The application is a game showing its content overlaid on top of a television program whereas Android mobile devices are used as controllers. The performance of the application is tested by measuring the response times of the various communication services and by analyzing feedback from a selected group of users

Uloga hepatičnih zvezdastih ćelija (HSCs) u razvoju fibroze jetre mačaka sa policističnim bubrezima (PKD)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a significant role in hepatic fibrogenesis. In the following study we described the distribution of cells that express alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and desmin in the cat liver with various degrees of fibrosis, as well as the significance of hepatic stellate cells and portal myofibroblasts in the genesis of fibrosis in cats with polycistic kidney disease. Liver samples from 15 necropsied Persian cats were examined microscopically, using H&E and Masson-trichrom methods and immunohistology for α-SMA and desmin. Liver fibrosis was confirmed in cats with terminal stage of chronic cholangiohepatitis and it was characterized by connective tissue septa which divide the liver parenchyma into irregular lobuli. Inflammation in the cat liver is connected with the activation of periductal myofibroblasts. The intensity of immunopositivity of perisinusoidal HSCs to α-SMA and desmin varied depending on the degree of fibrosis and was the strongest in livers of cats with cirrhosis.U ovom radu je opisana distribucija ćelija koje eksprimiraju α-glatkomišićni aktin (α-SMA) i dezmin u jetri mačaka sa različitim stadijumom fibroze, kao i značaj ovih ćelija u razvoju fibroze, kod mačaka sa policističnim bubrezima. Mikroskopski su ispitani uzorci jetre od 15 obdukovanih persijskih mačaka, korišćenjem HE i Mason-trihromnog bojenja i imunohistohemijski na α-SMA i dezmin. Fibroza jetre potvrđena je kod mačaka sa terminalnim stadijumom hroničnog holangiohepatitisa i odlikovala se prisustvom vezivno-tkivnih septi koje dele parenhim na nejednake lobuluse. Inflamacija u jetri mačaka u vezi je sa aktivacijom periduktalnih miofibroblasta. Intenzitet imunohistohemijske reakcije perisinusoidnih HSCs na α-SMA i dezmin razlikovala se od stepena fibroze i bio je najjači u jetri mačaka sa cirozom

New treatments for chronic hepatitis C

Treatments for chronic hepatitis C has evolved significantly in the past 15 years. The standard of care (SOC) is peginterferon alfa-2a/-2b with ribavirin for 48 weeks or 24 weeks in patients infected with HCV genotype 1 or 2/3, respectively. The treatment duration can be individualized based on the baseline viral load and the speed of the virologic response during treatment. However, current therapies are associated with side effects, complications, and poor patient tolerability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify better strategies for treating this disease. An improved sustained virologic response (SVR) can be achieved with new HCV-specific inhibitors against NS3/4A and NS5B polymerases. Recent trials have found SVR rates in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection of 61~68% and 67~75% for combining the SOC with the protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir, respectively. Several new HCV-specific inhibitors such as protease inhibitors and nucleoside and non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors as well as non-HCV-specific compounds with anti-HCV activity are currently in clinical evaluation. In this review we discuss these new treatments for chronic hepatitis C

HIV infection of non-dividing cells: a divisive problem

Understanding how lentiviruses can infect terminally differentiated, non-dividing cells has proven a very complex and controversial problem. It is, however, a problem worth investigating, for it is central to HIV-1 transmission and AIDS pathogenesis. Here I shall attempt to summarise what is our current understanding for HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells. In some cases I shall also attempt to make sense of controversies in the field and advance one or two modest proposals

Evaluation of methods for normalizing muscle strength in elite and young athletes

Contains fulltext : mmubn000001_027560724.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Promotor : A. Knoers[6], 80 p