The homeopathy as a possibility for treating inflammations of the mammary gland in dairy cows

The aim of the present work was to assess recurrence rates of the inflammation of the mammary gland in cattle treated either with allopathic, homeopathic or combined medications. The effect of a combination of medications was greater than effects of allopathic drugs alone. In the group of cows, where only allopathic medication was used (control group), the recurrence of inflammations was observed in 70.6 % of the cows during a three month period. Cows, which were given homoeopathic drugs in order to prevent inflammations of the mammary gland (treatment group), had a recurrence rate, which was observed to be 42% during a 3 month period of application

Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $\tau(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $\tau(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $\tau(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The application of homeopathic preparation as a prevention of diarrhoea of newborn calves

The aim of this work was to evaluate a possibility of using a polycomposite homeopathic preparation to prevent diarrhoea in calves. The effects were monitored in 343 newborn Holstein calves in total in two different experiments. In the first part of the experiment (experiment 1; administration of a ho-meopathic preparation on the first three days after birth) a marked tendency of reduced frequency of diarrhoea in calves was observed – one-sided p-value, assessed by the Χ–squared test, approached the level of statistical significance (0.0821). In the second part of the experiment (experiment 2; administration of a homeopathic preparation on the first, third and fifth day after birth), a tendency to reduced number of diarrhoea cases was also recorded, but with no statis-tically significant difference (0.2239). A shorter total time of diarrhoea occurrence was found in both ex-perimental groups compared to control groups for all observations

Valuation of Public Goods: The Case of Emissions from Livestock Holdings in the Czech Republic

Designed paper is focused on the analysis of public goods in the form of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production in Czechia. The main aim of the paper is to quantify the amount and valuation of greenhouse gas emissions produced in beef cattle breed (dairy and meat), pig breed, and poultry breed (meat and eggs). The partial aim of this paper is to compare greenhouse gas emissions production across sectors of livestock production and to evaluate a development of volume, value and share of emissions as a form of public goods. The methodology is based on the conceptual model MITERRA-Europe (The model was developed to assess the effects and interactions of policies and measures in agriculture on N losses and P balances at a regional level in EU-27), which is partly based on the CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact) and the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) models using the tools for quantification of the emission factors indicators defined by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change) organizations. Part of the solution is to determine the value of public goods quantified through a European platform for carbon emissions trading with its futures contract based on the EU Allowances. The result of this paper is quantified emission value of public goods in livestock production in Czechia and their appreciation in the period 2000-2014. In the final consequence is quantified the proportion of the value of public goods in the total production of the analyzed livestock sector

Economic Valuation of Mountain Landscapes and Ecosystems: A Meta-Analysis of Case Studies

The paper is focused on the value of the European mountain landscape/ecosystem and evaluates the impact of agriculture and agricultural policy on the value of this public good. Based on the meta-analysis of 22 landscape/ecosystem valuation studies, it was found that the average value of the European mountain landscape/ecosystem is 3,068 EUR per hectare per year, and 3.91 EUR per person per day. However, there are regions with a significantly higher value – Tatra in Poland and Alpujarran in Spain. The value is influenced by the position of agriculture in the national economy. Higher values of the mountain landscape/ ecosystem were achieved in countries where the contribution of agriculture to the gross value added is above average. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the proportion of farming in the LFA and the value of the mountain landscape/ecosystem. Public support was found to be insufficient to cover the cost of landscape services performed by farmers

Comparison of Technology and Technical Efficiency in Cereal Production among EU Countries

The paper presents the analysis of cereal production in the EU. The analysis provides the comparison of production technologies and technical efficiency among EU countries using the country specific multiple output distance function models in the first step and metafrontier approach in the second step to determine the level and development of technical efficiency. The results show the high technical efficiency of cereal producers in the analyzed countries. On average, the differences in technical efficiency among the analyzed countries are not pronounced; however, the technologies used as well as the determinants of technical efficiency differ significantly

Identification and Valuation of Public Goods within the Vertical of Cattle Breeding

The paper identifies and discusses the production of public goods in the vertical of cattle breeding. The cattle breeding vertical was divided into four basic levels – producer, processor, retailer, and consumer and main public goods were determined and discussed. Moreover, it provides the methods for the valuation of public goods. The method is applied in the estimation of manure shadow price. Using the fitted multiple output distance function with two market and one non-market output and applying the Lagrange method and the Shephard’s dual lemma the shadow price of manure was calculated. The results show that the shadow prices differ significantly among the groups of farmers. This especially holds for the classification of groups according to the size and technology of production

Nitrite Intoxication of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at Different Water Temperatures

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were exposed to nitrite (1.45 mmol l-1 NO2-) for 48 hours at 14 °C and 20 °C, in order to investigate the mechanism of nitrite poisoning at these water temperatures. The effect of nitrite exposure on fish was assessed on selected haematological and biochemical indicators of the blood. Moreover, nitrite accumulation in the blood, liver and muscle was measured. Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (88.2 ± 3.3% and 92.9 ± 6.1%) at both water temperatures compared with controls (0.3 ± 0.6% and 2.6 ± 3.0%). High fish mortality occurred in experimental groups (30% and 51%) compared with controls (0%). Nitrite exposure also resulted in an accumulation of nitrite in the fish body. The highest nitrite levels developed in the blood plasma, followed by the liver and muscle, respectively. Carp concentrated nitrite in the blood plasma and tissues to markedly higher levels at higher temperature (20 °C). The plasma nitrite concentrations (10.5 ± 1.9 mmol l-1) were in this case more than 7 times higher than the environmental one. At lower temperature (14 °C), plasma nitrite concentration reached 5.0 ± 1.5 mmol l-1. In either event, plasma K+ levels increased and Cl- levels and osmolality remained unchanged. Plasma Na+ levels slightly decreased at the higher temperature. Nitriteexposed fish showed lower haematocrit values (PCV) at both experimental temperatures compared with controls. At 20 °C, the blood haematocrit decrease (0.20 ± 0.02 l l-1) was accompanied by a low erythrocyte count (1.05 ± 0.12 1012 l-1) and by a low haemoglobin level (51 ± 11 g l-1). At the lower temperature (14 °C), the haematocrit decrease (0.25 ± 0.02 l l-1) was caused by a low mean corpuscular volume (167 ± 27 fl). No significant changes were observed in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), or selected erythrocyte dimensions (major axis, minor axis and aspect ratio)