Concepts and Actors in Organic Livestock Husbandry in Bolivia

Traditional smallholder livestock production is expected to correspond widely with principles of organic livestock farming. Though, the real magnitude of livestock under organic and alike management is unknown. From stakeholder analysis and structured interviews with key persons in Bolivia it is deduced that similarities are widely given, whereas it is questioned whether a formal individual certification approach for livestock products will match the farmer interests and consumer demands

Search for short-period acoustic waves with high resolution 2D-spectra

The data for this contributionw ere takeninAugust 2000 with the “G¨ottingen” two-dimensional spectrometer in the VTT on Tenerife. Our spectrometer is based on two scanning Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPIs). The non-magnetic Fe I 5434˚A line was observed in the quiet Sun at disk center. Time sequences of 41 min duration and with 25 s cadence were taken. Strictly simultaneously with the narrow-band FPI images (32m˚A FWHM), broad-band images were recorded. The latter were reconstructed with speckle methods. With the known “true” broad-band object we are able to restore the narrow-band images as well. Our aim is to find propagating acoustic waves at short periods and small scales. The results obtained so far are presented and the prospects are discussed

High frequency and high wavenumber solar oscillations

We determine the frequencies of solar oscillations covering a wide range of degree (100< l <4000) and frequency (1.5 <\nu<10 mHz) using the ring diagram technique applied to power spectra obtained from MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager) data. The f-mode ridge extends up to degree of approximately 3000, where the line width becomes very large, implying a damping time which is comparable to the time period. The frequencies of high degree f-modes are significantly different from those given by the simple dispersion relation \omega^2=gk. The f-mode peaks in power spectra are distinctly asymmetric and use of asymmetric profile increases the fitted frequency bringing them closer to the frequencies computed for a solar model.Comment: Revised version. 1.2 mHz features identified as artifacts of data analysis. Accepted for publication in Ap

Образне слово у ліриці поетів шахтарського краю (на матеріалі поезії С. Черкасенка та В. Голобородька)

Стаття містить аналіз ліричних творів українського поета кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Спиридона Черкасенка та поета-сучасника Василя Голобородька, присвячених шахтарській праці. З'ясовується роль художніх засобів у цих творах, визначається своєрідність лексики на позначення реалій шахтарського життя. Наголошено на ролі літературного краєзнавства у вивченні літературного процесу в цілому.The article contains the analysis of lyrical works of the Ukrainian poet of the end of the ХІХ century – at the beginning of the XX century Spyrydon Cherkasenko and the contemporary poet Vasyl Holoborodko which are devoted to miner’s work. The role of the tropes in these works is analyzed, the originality of lexicon which designates realities of miner’s life is defined. The role of the literary local study in studying of literary process in general is investigated

Analysis of thermal evolution in textile fabrics using advanced microstructure simulation techniques

Nowadays, membrane structures represent a modern construction element to be used as roof material in modern buildings or as design element in combination with traditional architecture. Membranes are mostly used in an outdoor environment. Therefore they are exposed to wind, radiation (solar and infrared), rain and snow. Specific membranes are three-dimensional fabrics which can be used as energy absorber or as insulation of membrane roofs. The applicability as energy absorber becomes important if the three-dimensional fabrics are designed as a porous flow channel streamed by air and convectively heated up. The transferred energy may be stored in a latent heat storage system. Due to their porous structure, textile fabrics have a large heat-exchanging surface. If they are handled as homogenized porous structures, the heat transfer processes can not be described in a correct way. Therefore a microstructure model locally resolving all filaments of the three-dimensional fabrics has been formulated. By using an advanced meshing tool, a simulation technique has been developed taking into account the local heat conduction properties of the different materials. To analyse the heat transfer processes inside the three-dimensional fabrics, numerical simulations have been performed using the phase-field solver (Pace3D) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the commercial CFD-Solver StarCCM+. For a better understanding of the thermal behaviour of the fabrics, different thermal loads including thermal conduction in the microstructure (filaments) and convection by the surrounding air have been computed. The results show that the advanced simulation techniques allow to analyse the rate of conductive and convective heat transfer in three-dimensional fabrics. The results of the applied computational methods are compared

Channeling 5-min photospheric oscillations into the solar outer atmosphere through small-scale vertical magnetic flux tubes

We report two-dimensional MHD simulations which demonstrate that photospheric 5-min oscillations can leak into the chromosphere inside small-scale vertical magnetic flux tubes. The results of our numerical experiments are compatible with those inferred from simultaneous spectropolarimetric observations of the photosphere and chromosphere obtained with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter (TIP) at 10830 A. We conclude that the efficiency of energy exchange by radiation in the solar photosphere can lead to a significant reduction of the cut-off frequency and may allow for the propagation of the 5 minutes waves vertically into the chromosphere.Comment: accepted by ApJ

Magnetic properties of photospheric regions having very low magnetic flux

The magnetic properties of the quiet Sun are investigated using a novel inversion code, FATIMA, based on the Principal Component Analysis of the observed Stokes profiles. The stability and relatively low noise sensitivity of this inversion procedure allows for the systematic inversion of large data sets with very weak polarization signal. Its application to quiet Sun observations of network and internetwork regions reveals that a significant fraction of the quiet Sun contains kilogauss fields (usually with very small filling factors) and confirms that the pixels with weak polarization account for most of the magnetic flux. Mixed polarities in the resolution element are also found to occur more likely as the polarization weakens.Comment: To apapear in ApJ. 39 pages, 12 figures (2 of them are color figures