Assessment of total mercury bioaccumulation in white and red muscle and liver tissues of Cyprinus carpio collected from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir

Previous studies showed that the level of mercury in Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) was higher than limits established by the World Health Organization. Total Mercury (T-Hg) concentrations in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues of Common carp as the most consumed fish in the region were investigated. For the first time the content of mercury in red muscle tissue was measured and compared with white muscle and liver tissues. During the July to December 2009, 24 Common carp were caught from SGR (4 samples per month). THg concentrations in above mentioned tissues were measured, using Mercury Analyzer. T-Hg concentrations variations in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues were (123-458), (115- 455) and (107-303) ng g-1, respectively. Statically significant differences were found between three tissues. A significant monthly variations of T-Hg concentrations were observed within liver tissue samples. Fish weights in this ranged between 330.1 to 753 grams. T-Hg in white and red muscle tissues in all samples weighted above 500 grams were higher than the limits established by the EPA. Therefore, additional researches are needed to evaluate any potential effluence of this fish consumption on people health

Dose-response meta-analysis of arsenic exposure in drinking water and intelligence quotient

Objectives: Exposure to inorganic arsenic through drinking water is a threat for public health. Using the arsenic-containing water in the long-term causes a variety of skin diseases, high blood pressure, and skin cancer. Arsenic also damages the nervous system. A wide range of studies have studied the effect of arsenic in drinking water on the level of intelligence in children. Methods: For the purpose of our research, we searched three electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline (PubMed) in English from 2000 to January 2018. We used the dose-response meta-analysis through applying random effect models in order to estimate the pooled association (with a 95 uncertainty) between water arsenic concentration and intelligence level. Results: Using a two-stage random effect model to investigate the dose-response association between arsenic concentration and Intelligence Quotient scale, we estimated a significant linear association as �0.08 (95 CI: �0.14, �0.01). Actually, for each unit increase in arsenic concentration (one microgram per liter), intelligence quotient scale decreases by 0.08. Conclusions: Considering the significance of the relationship between arsenic concentration in drinking water and the level of intelligence quotient as an important factor in training, the level of arsenic and its associated risks should be decreased in water resources. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

A Survey on AccumulatedMercury in Different Tissues of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Dam

"n "n "nBackgrounds and Objectives:There have been always concerns regarding to consumption of aquatic products, particularly fish, due to the possibility of heavy metals bioaccumulation in aquatic creatures organs, throughout the world.Aresearch project was carried out to assess the level of concentrated total mercury in different tissues of Silver carp as the most consumed fish from Sanandaj Ghesglagh reservoir in the region."nMaterials andMethods:Twenty four silver carp were captured randomly during July to December 2009. Prior measuring mercury concentrations in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues by AdvancedMercuryAnalyzer (Model; Leco, 254AMA) on the dry weight basis, biometry procedure was done."nResults: Mean accumulated mercury in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues were 367 (S.E.± 26.43), 311 (S.E.± 32.22) and 251 (S.E.± 28.70) ng gr -1 on the dry weight basis, respectively. Pair comparisons between the level of concentrated mercury in all tissues, except white muscle tissues (F5, 18 = 1.52, P = 0.2332) showed a significant difference (P < 0.05)."nConclusion: The level of accumulated mercury in muscle and liver tissues of all samples weighted above 850 grams were higher than the established limits by WHO, FAO and EPA. Our results emphasis that the consumption of silver carp from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir might place the health of all those peoples who live in the region at risk

Occurrence and Safety Evaluation of Ochratoxin A in Cereal-based Baby Foods Collected from Iranian Retail Market

Contamination of agricultural commodities with ochratoxin A (OTA) is a worldwide concern in recent decades. Consumption of OTA-contaminated baby foods exerts health implications especially in children as the most vulnerable subpopulations. In the current study, for the first time in Iran, 64 baby foods (rice, wheat, and multigrain) samples from five different brands available in the Iranian market were analyzed to determine OTA level, using a HPLC with fluorescence detector. Overall, OTA was observed in 41 of analyzed samples with a mean and maximum level of 0.42 ± 0.27 and 1.1 μg/kg, respectively. OTA levels in five of 64 samples (7.8 ) were higher than the permissible limit recommended by European Commission (permissible limit: 0.5 μg/kg) and OTA levels in two of 64 samples (3.1) were higher than the standard set by Iranian standard organization (1 μg/kg). The highest OTA contamination was observed in rice-based baby food cereals (1.1 μg/kg; 57 of the samples), followed by wheat-based (23) and multigrain (20) samples. OTA intake in infants (â�¥9 months old) was more than established provisional tolerable weekly intake by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (100 and 120 ng OTA per kg of body weight, respectively). OTA content in baby food and cereals, as well as other raw foodstuff should be investigated comprehensively to reduce the exposure rate of young children to OTA. © 2019 Institute of Food TechnologistsÂ